MRCS B Anatomy Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are the four parts of the stomach? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cardia, fundus,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
body, pylorus |
How could you tell the difference between the jejunum and the ileum? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The jejunum is larger, thicker, more vascular and a darker
| | | | | | | | | | |
red than the ileum.
| | | |
It has longer vasa recta and fewer arcades.
| | | | | | |
How can you tell the difference between large and small bowel on an abdominal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
radiograph? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Large bowel has haustrae, which extend
| | | | | | | | |
only a third of the way across the bowel from each side, whereas small bowel has
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
valvulae conniventes which traverse the complete distance.
| | | | | | |
Occasionally, location can help, with small bowel tending to be more central
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(beware a drooping transverse colon!).
| | | |
During an operative procedure, the colon can be further distinguished from small
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bowel by the presence of the appendices epiploicae and taenia coli.
| | | | | | | | | |
What are the functions of the pancreas? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pancreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
has both exocrine and endocrine functions.
| | | | |
,The pancreatic acini perform the exocrine functions, producing and secreting
| | | | | | | | | |
digestive enzymes. |
The Islets of Langerhans perform the endocrine function:
| | | | | | |
Alpha cells - produce and secrete glucagon
| | | | | | |
Beta cells - produce and secrete insulin
| | | | | |
Delta cells - produce and secrete somatostatin
| | | | | |
Gamma cells - produce pancreatic polypeptide
| | | | |
Describe the blood supply to the pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pancreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
has three main sources of blood supply:
| | | | | |
The superior pancreaticoduodenal (from the gastroduodenal) and inferior
| | | | | | | |
pancreaticoduodenal (from the superior mesenteric) arteries supply the head of | | | | | | | | | |
the pancreas.
| |
Pancreatic branches from the splenic artery supply the remainder of the
| | | | | | | | | | |
pancreas.
Venous drainage follows arterial supply, to the superior mesenteric and portal
| | | | | | | | | | |
veins, and the splenic vein respectively.
| | | | |
What is Meckel's diverticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Meckel's diverticulum is
| | | | | | | | |
the remnant of the embryological vitellointestinal duct (which connects the
| | | | | | | | | |
midgut to the yolk sac).
| | | |
, Commonly it obeys the 'Rule of 2s': occurs in 2% of the population; is 2 inches
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
long; occurs 2 feet from the ileocaecal valve and is twice as common in males as
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in females. It should be looked for during all appendicectomies when a normal
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
appendix is found. | |
It is important as a Meckel's can cause a number of complications:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Acute inflammation - can often mimic appendicitis, and should always be looked
| | | | | | | | | | | |
for at laparoscopy when a normal appendix is found.
| | | | | | | | |
Ulceration and bleeding - often the diverticulum is lined with hydrochloric acid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
producing gastric mucosa | | |
Perforation |
Intussusception |
Obstruction |
Littre's Hernia - when found in an inguinal or femoral hernia sac
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are the relations of the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The immediate
| | | | | | | | | | |
relations to the kidney are: | | | |
Above - the diaphragm | | |
Below - quadratus lumborum
| | |
Medially - psoas major | | |
Correct Answers
What are the four parts of the stomach? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cardia, fundus,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
body, pylorus |
How could you tell the difference between the jejunum and the ileum? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The jejunum is larger, thicker, more vascular and a darker
| | | | | | | | | | |
red than the ileum.
| | | |
It has longer vasa recta and fewer arcades.
| | | | | | |
How can you tell the difference between large and small bowel on an abdominal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
radiograph? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Large bowel has haustrae, which extend
| | | | | | | | |
only a third of the way across the bowel from each side, whereas small bowel has
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
valvulae conniventes which traverse the complete distance.
| | | | | | |
Occasionally, location can help, with small bowel tending to be more central
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(beware a drooping transverse colon!).
| | | |
During an operative procedure, the colon can be further distinguished from small
| | | | | | | | | | | |
bowel by the presence of the appendices epiploicae and taenia coli.
| | | | | | | | | |
What are the functions of the pancreas? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pancreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
has both exocrine and endocrine functions.
| | | | |
,The pancreatic acini perform the exocrine functions, producing and secreting
| | | | | | | | | |
digestive enzymes. |
The Islets of Langerhans perform the endocrine function:
| | | | | | |
Alpha cells - produce and secrete glucagon
| | | | | | |
Beta cells - produce and secrete insulin
| | | | | |
Delta cells - produce and secrete somatostatin
| | | | | |
Gamma cells - produce pancreatic polypeptide
| | | | |
Describe the blood supply to the pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The pancreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
has three main sources of blood supply:
| | | | | |
The superior pancreaticoduodenal (from the gastroduodenal) and inferior
| | | | | | | |
pancreaticoduodenal (from the superior mesenteric) arteries supply the head of | | | | | | | | | |
the pancreas.
| |
Pancreatic branches from the splenic artery supply the remainder of the
| | | | | | | | | | |
pancreas.
Venous drainage follows arterial supply, to the superior mesenteric and portal
| | | | | | | | | | |
veins, and the splenic vein respectively.
| | | | |
What is Meckel's diverticulum? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Meckel's diverticulum is
| | | | | | | | |
the remnant of the embryological vitellointestinal duct (which connects the
| | | | | | | | | |
midgut to the yolk sac).
| | | |
, Commonly it obeys the 'Rule of 2s': occurs in 2% of the population; is 2 inches
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
long; occurs 2 feet from the ileocaecal valve and is twice as common in males as
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
in females. It should be looked for during all appendicectomies when a normal
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
appendix is found. | |
It is important as a Meckel's can cause a number of complications:
| | | | | | | | | | |
Acute inflammation - can often mimic appendicitis, and should always be looked
| | | | | | | | | | | |
for at laparoscopy when a normal appendix is found.
| | | | | | | | |
Ulceration and bleeding - often the diverticulum is lined with hydrochloric acid
| | | | | | | | | | | |
producing gastric mucosa | | |
Perforation |
Intussusception |
Obstruction |
Littre's Hernia - when found in an inguinal or femoral hernia sac
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are the relations of the kidney? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The immediate
| | | | | | | | | | |
relations to the kidney are: | | | |
Above - the diaphragm | | |
Below - quadratus lumborum
| | |
Medially - psoas major | | |
