ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATORY
FINAL EXAM TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔acute inflammatory - ✔✔Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) induces ___ response
✔✔apoptosis - ✔✔Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) kills through ___
✔✔plasma cells - ✔✔Growth factor stimulates production of ___
✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - ✔✔___ is proteins on the surface of plasma
membranes of cells that identify the self; provide recognition on all self molecules
✔✔self and non self (pathogens) - ✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) assist in
helping the immune system recognize __ and __
✔✔nothing happens - ✔✔what happens when the immune system recognizes self
cells?
✔✔immune response occurs - ✔✔what happens when the immune system recognizes
non-self cells?
✔✔-tissues
-RBC's - ✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) are markers found on ALL ___ except
___
✔✔the immune system would attack itself (autoimmune disease) also known as major
histocompatibility - ✔✔what would happen if the mechanism of self recognition fails?
✔✔antigens - ✔✔___ is anything that is foreign, generating an immune response
✔✔Antigenic determinant site - ✔✔___ is the area on an antigen that provokes an
immune response
✔✔Haptens - ✔✔___ are substances (small molecules) that are not capable of eliciting
an antigenic response; therefore they are linked to proteins in order to function as
antigens
✔✔proteins - ✔✔Haptens are substances (small molecules) that are not capable of
eliciting an antigenic response; therefore they are linked to ___ in order to function as
antigens
, ✔✔presented - ✔✔antigens are identified by a complex system and then "___" to the
immune system
✔✔bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi - ✔✔what are some examples of microbial agents?
✔✔pollen, pet dander, medicines, foods, organ transplants - ✔✔what are some
examples of non-microbial agents?
✔✔antigenic determinants - ✔✔A region on the surface of an antigen molecule to which
an antibody binds.
✔✔complete carriers - ✔✔Haptens attach to large molecules called carriers and once
combined they are known as ___
✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - ✔✔what is a key factor in order to be able to do
organ transplant? this pattern needs to be very similar.
✔✔"complements" - ✔✔the complement system "___" the immune response
✔✔the complement system - ✔✔___ is proteins in the circulatory system that are
activated in an immune reponse
✔✔microorganism - ✔✔the complement system plays a role in recognizing ___ and is
then activated
✔✔activation and response - ✔✔___ and ___ of the complement system should always
occur in a predictable sequence (pathway)
✔✔opsonization - ✔✔the complement system coats the cell membrane (called ___) of
an antigen to make it easier for macrophages to engulf
✔✔neutrophil - ✔✔the complement system trigger ___ invasion to site
✔✔inflammatory mediators - ✔✔the complement system stimulates release of ___
✔✔membrane attack complex - ✔✔the complement system triggers ___ which is the
lysis/ destruction of an antigen
✔✔innate, adaptive, and passive - ✔✔what are the 3 main types of immunity?
✔✔innate immunity - ✔✔____ is the immunity that you are born with
✔✔innate and adaptive immunity - ✔✔___ and ___ immunity recognizes self from
nonself
FINAL EXAM TEST 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔acute inflammatory - ✔✔Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) induces ___ response
✔✔apoptosis - ✔✔Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) kills through ___
✔✔plasma cells - ✔✔Growth factor stimulates production of ___
✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - ✔✔___ is proteins on the surface of plasma
membranes of cells that identify the self; provide recognition on all self molecules
✔✔self and non self (pathogens) - ✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) assist in
helping the immune system recognize __ and __
✔✔nothing happens - ✔✔what happens when the immune system recognizes self
cells?
✔✔immune response occurs - ✔✔what happens when the immune system recognizes
non-self cells?
✔✔-tissues
-RBC's - ✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) are markers found on ALL ___ except
___
✔✔the immune system would attack itself (autoimmune disease) also known as major
histocompatibility - ✔✔what would happen if the mechanism of self recognition fails?
✔✔antigens - ✔✔___ is anything that is foreign, generating an immune response
✔✔Antigenic determinant site - ✔✔___ is the area on an antigen that provokes an
immune response
✔✔Haptens - ✔✔___ are substances (small molecules) that are not capable of eliciting
an antigenic response; therefore they are linked to proteins in order to function as
antigens
✔✔proteins - ✔✔Haptens are substances (small molecules) that are not capable of
eliciting an antigenic response; therefore they are linked to ___ in order to function as
antigens
, ✔✔presented - ✔✔antigens are identified by a complex system and then "___" to the
immune system
✔✔bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi - ✔✔what are some examples of microbial agents?
✔✔pollen, pet dander, medicines, foods, organ transplants - ✔✔what are some
examples of non-microbial agents?
✔✔antigenic determinants - ✔✔A region on the surface of an antigen molecule to which
an antibody binds.
✔✔complete carriers - ✔✔Haptens attach to large molecules called carriers and once
combined they are known as ___
✔✔Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) - ✔✔what is a key factor in order to be able to do
organ transplant? this pattern needs to be very similar.
✔✔"complements" - ✔✔the complement system "___" the immune response
✔✔the complement system - ✔✔___ is proteins in the circulatory system that are
activated in an immune reponse
✔✔microorganism - ✔✔the complement system plays a role in recognizing ___ and is
then activated
✔✔activation and response - ✔✔___ and ___ of the complement system should always
occur in a predictable sequence (pathway)
✔✔opsonization - ✔✔the complement system coats the cell membrane (called ___) of
an antigen to make it easier for macrophages to engulf
✔✔neutrophil - ✔✔the complement system trigger ___ invasion to site
✔✔inflammatory mediators - ✔✔the complement system stimulates release of ___
✔✔membrane attack complex - ✔✔the complement system triggers ___ which is the
lysis/ destruction of an antigen
✔✔innate, adaptive, and passive - ✔✔what are the 3 main types of immunity?
✔✔innate immunity - ✔✔____ is the immunity that you are born with
✔✔innate and adaptive immunity - ✔✔___ and ___ immunity recognizes self from
nonself
