BSC 101 Exam 3 Study Guide –
Illinois State University | Immunity,
Digestion, Physiology, Reproduction,
Cancer & Human Body Systems
(Complete Review 2026)
explain the structure of a typical viral particle
all contain DNA or RNA, surrounded by capris made of protein
explain how a virus infects a cell
get nuclear acid inside host (attach & engulf), "stinger" and injects.
explain why a virus is not considered "alive"
acellular, not bacteria, can't reproduce and divide on our own!!! NEED host cell
Identify different types of innate immunity
first line of defense, physical barrier (skin, nose, etc). immunity that you're born with,
can mount response without seeing disease before
explain the inflammatory response
if theres a cut or tear you have response to kill bacteria. swells up- if warm it engulfs
and kills bacteria. Adaptive immune- "memory" when you're exposed once, cells
remember next time and you get a quicker response
explain how pathogens are marked and destroyed when they invade the body
antibodies specific to virus, antibody and antigen match, and your body knows good or
bad.
explain how vaccinations can cause a secondary response
give you a little of the virus, stimulate immune system
explain how herd immunity works
if everyone in room was vaccinated but I wasn't, chances of me getting disease is lower
because no one else is likely to get it.
autoimmunity
disfunction where it recognizes body or non harmful cells and had response
ex: allergies, crohns, type 2 diabetes, etc.
hygiene hypothesis
so obsessed with being clean, do not expose ourselves to germs that our bodies could
handle before
explain why everyone who is medically capable should get vaccinated
explain how fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are digested
carbs- repeated simple sugar units, breaks bonds of sugar down and starts in mouth
because saliva has enzymes
protein- repeated subunit of amino acids. digestion occurs in stomach. happens by
cutting off each amino acid unit.
fats- strains of carbon and hydrogen bonds
Illinois State University | Immunity,
Digestion, Physiology, Reproduction,
Cancer & Human Body Systems
(Complete Review 2026)
explain the structure of a typical viral particle
all contain DNA or RNA, surrounded by capris made of protein
explain how a virus infects a cell
get nuclear acid inside host (attach & engulf), "stinger" and injects.
explain why a virus is not considered "alive"
acellular, not bacteria, can't reproduce and divide on our own!!! NEED host cell
Identify different types of innate immunity
first line of defense, physical barrier (skin, nose, etc). immunity that you're born with,
can mount response without seeing disease before
explain the inflammatory response
if theres a cut or tear you have response to kill bacteria. swells up- if warm it engulfs
and kills bacteria. Adaptive immune- "memory" when you're exposed once, cells
remember next time and you get a quicker response
explain how pathogens are marked and destroyed when they invade the body
antibodies specific to virus, antibody and antigen match, and your body knows good or
bad.
explain how vaccinations can cause a secondary response
give you a little of the virus, stimulate immune system
explain how herd immunity works
if everyone in room was vaccinated but I wasn't, chances of me getting disease is lower
because no one else is likely to get it.
autoimmunity
disfunction where it recognizes body or non harmful cells and had response
ex: allergies, crohns, type 2 diabetes, etc.
hygiene hypothesis
so obsessed with being clean, do not expose ourselves to germs that our bodies could
handle before
explain why everyone who is medically capable should get vaccinated
explain how fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are digested
carbs- repeated simple sugar units, breaks bonds of sugar down and starts in mouth
because saliva has enzymes
protein- repeated subunit of amino acids. digestion occurs in stomach. happens by
cutting off each amino acid unit.
fats- strains of carbon and hydrogen bonds
