NSG 3160 Exam 1 Newest 2025/2026
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A 52-year-old woman has a papule on her nose that has rounded, pearly borders
and a central red ulcer. She said she first noticed it several months ago and that it
has slowly grown larger. The nurse suspects which condition?
a.
Acne
b.
Basal cell carcinoma
c.
Melanoma
d.
Squamous cell carcinoma - Answer ✓✓Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma usually starts as a skin-colored papule that develops rounded,
pearly borders with a central red ulcer. It is the most common form of skin cancer
and grows slowly. This description does not fit acne lesions. (See Table 12-11 for
descriptions of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.)
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The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the
epidermal layer of skin. Which of these statements would be included in the
module? The epidermis is:
a.
Highly vascular.
b.
Thick and tough.
c.
Thin and nonstratified.
d.
Replaced every 4 weeks. - Answer ✓✓The epidermis is thin yet tough, replaced
every 4 weeks, avascular, and stratified into several zones.
Replaced every 4 weeks.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the
dermis layer of skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module?
The dermis:
a.
Contains mostly fat cells.
b.
Consists mostly of keratin.
c.
Is replaced every 4 weeks.
d.
Contains sensory receptors. - Answer ✓✓Contains sensory receptors.
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The dermis consists mostly of collagen, has resilient elastic tissue that allows the
skin to stretch, and contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and
lymphatic vessels. It is not replaced every 4 weeks.
The nurse is examining a patient who tells the nurse, I sure sweat a lot, especially
on my face and feet but it doesnt have an odor. The nurse knows that this
condition could be related to:
a.
Eccrine glands.
b.
Apocrine glands.
c.
Disorder of the stratum corneum.
d.
Disorder of the stratum germinativum. - Answer ✓✓Eccrine glands.
The eccrine glands are coiled tubules that directly open onto the skin surface and
produce a dilute saline solution called sweat. Apocrine glands are primarily
located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and naval area and mix with
bacterial flora to produce the characteristic musky body odor. The patients
statement is not related to disorders of the stratum corneum or the stratum
germinativum.
A newborn infant is in the clinic for a well-baby checkup. The nurse observes the
infant for the possibility of fluid loss because of which of these factors?
a.
Subcutaneous fat deposits are high in the newborn.
b.
Sebaceous glands are overproductive in the newborn.
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c.
The newborns skin is more permeable than that of the adult.
d.
The amount of vernix caseosa dramatically rises in the newborn. - Answer ✓✓The
newborns skin is more permeable than that of the adult.
The newborns skin is thin, smooth, and elastic and is relatively more permeable
than that of the adult; consequently, the infant is at greater risk for fluid loss. The
subcutaneous layer in the infant is inefficient, not thick, and the sebaceous glands
are present but decrease in size and production. Vernix caseosa is not produced
after birth.
The nurse is bathing an 80-year-old man and notices that his skin is wrinkled, thin,
lax, and dry. This finding would be related to which factor in the older adult?
a.
Increased vascularity of the skin
b.
Increased numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands
c.
An increase in elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat
d.
An increased loss of elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat - Answer ✓✓An
increased loss of elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat
An accumulation of factors place the aging person at risk for skin disease and
breakdown: the thinning of the skin, a decrease in vascularity and nutrients, the
loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous layer, a lifetime of
environmental trauma to skin, the social changes of aging, a increasingly
sedentary lifestyle, and the chance of immobility.
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