S-130 Wildland Firefighter Training Exam
Questions and Answers | 2026/2027 Updated
List the 18 watch outs
1. Fire not scouted and sized up
2. In country not seen in daylight
3. safety zones and escape routes not identified
4. Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5. Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards
6. Instructions and assignments not clear
7. No communication link with crew members and supervisors
8. Constructing line without a safe anchor point
9. Building fireline downhill with fire below
10. Attempting frontal assault on fire
11. Unburned fuel between you and the fire
12. Cannot see main fire; not in contact with someone who can
13. On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14. Weather becoming hotter and drier
15. Wind increases and/or changes direction
16. Getting frequent spot fires across line
17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18. Taking a nap near fireline
,List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders
1. Keep informed on weather conditions and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and
adjoining forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
Identify nine parts of a fire
(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel, (5) Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8)
Island, (9) Spot Fire
Origin
The location where the fire started
Head
Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest and most active
part of the fire
, Flank
Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have active fire, but
not as hot as the head of the fire.
Rear/Heel
Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at all. Often near the
fire origin.
Perimeter
Boundary of the fire or fire edge. May not have active fire on some portions.
Finger
An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of the fire.
Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked by a finger.
Pocket
Unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
Island
Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
Spot Fire
Questions and Answers | 2026/2027 Updated
List the 18 watch outs
1. Fire not scouted and sized up
2. In country not seen in daylight
3. safety zones and escape routes not identified
4. Unfamiliar with weather and local factors influencing fire behavior
5. Uninformed on strategy, tactics, and hazards
6. Instructions and assignments not clear
7. No communication link with crew members and supervisors
8. Constructing line without a safe anchor point
9. Building fireline downhill with fire below
10. Attempting frontal assault on fire
11. Unburned fuel between you and the fire
12. Cannot see main fire; not in contact with someone who can
13. On a hillside where rolling material can ignite fuel below
14. Weather becoming hotter and drier
15. Wind increases and/or changes direction
16. Getting frequent spot fires across line
17. Terrain and fuels make escape to safety zones difficult
18. Taking a nap near fireline
,List 10 Standard Firefighting Orders
1. Keep informed on weather conditions and forecast
2. Know what your fire is doing at all times
3. Base all actions on current and expected behavior or the fire
4. Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
5. Post lookouts when there is possible danger
6. Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, and act decisively
7. Maintain prompt communications with your forces, your supervisor, and
adjoining forces
8. Give clear instructions and be sure they are understood
9. Maintain control of you forces at all times
10. Fight fire aggressively, having provided for safety first
Identify nine parts of a fire
(1) Origin, (2) Head, (3) Flank, (4) Rear/Heel, (5) Perimeter, (6) Finger, (7) Pocket, (8)
Island, (9) Spot Fire
Origin
The location where the fire started
Head
Shows the direction in which the fire is burning. This is the hottest and most active
part of the fire
, Flank
Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have active fire, but
not as hot as the head of the fire.
Rear/Heel
Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at all. Often near the
fire origin.
Perimeter
Boundary of the fire or fire edge. May not have active fire on some portions.
Finger
An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of the fire.
Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked by a finger.
Unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
Island
Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.
Spot Fire
