2026/2027 | Grade A Questions and Verified Answers | 100%
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Part I: Foundations of Organizational Behavior & Individual Behavior
Q1: Organizational behavior is best defined as the:
A. Study of how to maximize profits through employee manipulation
B. Systematic study of individual, group, and organizational behavior to improve
organizational effectiveness [CORRECT]
C. Collection of common-sense assumptions about workplace behavior
D. Psychological analysis of employee personality disorders only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OB is specifically defined as the systematic study of behavior at three levels
(individual, group, organizational) with the goal of improving effectiveness. Option A is
wrong because OB isn't about manipulation; C is incorrect because OB relies on
research, not assumptions; D is too narrow as OB covers much more than just
personality disorders.
Q2: Sarah, a marketing manager, believes her team members are generally lazy and will
avoid work whenever possible. She closely supervises them and uses threats to ensure
compliance. Sarah's management approach reflects:
A. Theory Y assumptions
B. McGregor's Theory X [CORRECT]
C. Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
D. Self-determination theory
Correct Answer: B
,Rationale: Theory X assumes employees are lazy, lack ambition, and need coercion to
work. Theory Y (A) assumes the opposite—employees are self-motivated. Herzberg's
theory (C) deals with motivators vs. hygiene factors, not assumptions about human
nature. Self-determination theory (D) focuses on autonomy, competence, and
relatedness needs.
Q3: The affective component of an attitude refers to:
A. The behavioral intention to act in a certain way
B. The cognitive beliefs about an object or situation
C. The emotional or feeling component [CORRECT]
D. The observable actions taken toward an object
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Attitudes have three components: affective (feelings/emotions), cognitive
(beliefs), and behavioral (intentions/actions). A describes the behavioral component, B
describes the cognitive component, and D confuses behavioral intentions with actual
observable actions.
Q4: Marcus has been with his company for 10 years and stays primarily because he has
significant retirement benefits that would be costly to lose. This describes:
A. Affective commitment
B. Normative commitment
C. Continuance commitment [CORRECT]
D. Employee engagement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Continuance commitment is based on the costs of leaving (economic
losses). Affective commitment (A) is emotional attachment; normative (B) is feeling
obligated to stay; engagement (D) is involvement and enthusiasm, not calculated costs
of leaving.
,Q5: In the Big Five personality model, someone who is organized, dependable, and
detail-oriented would score high on:
A. Openness to experience
B. Extraversion
C. Agreeableness
D. Conscientiousness [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conscientiousness includes being organized, dependable, and
achievement-oriented. Openness (A) involves creativity and curiosity; extraversion (B)
involves sociability and assertiveness; agreeableness (C) involves cooperation and
trust.
Q6: When Jennifer attributes her coworker's poor performance to laziness rather than
considering external factors like inadequate training or equipment, she is
demonstrating:
A. Self-serving bias
B. Fundamental attribution error [CORRECT]
C. Halo effect
D. Selective perception
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate internal
factors and underestimate external factors when judging others' behavior. Self-serving
bias (A) is attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors. Halo
effect (C) is generalizing one trait to overall impression; selective perception (D) is
screening out information that contradicts beliefs.
Q7: According to attribution theory, when we attribute someone's behavior to their
personality or character, we are making a(n):
, A. External attribution
B. Situational attribution
C. Internal attribution [CORRECT]
D. Consensus attribution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internal attribution assigns causality to personal characteristics (personality,
ability, effort). External attribution (A) or situational attribution (B) assigns causality to
outside factors. Consensus (D) refers to whether others behave similarly in the same
situation—it's not a type of attribution.
Q8: In operant conditioning, a supervisor who removes an unpleasant assignment when
an employee meets sales targets is using:
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement [CORRECT]
C. Punishment
D. Extinction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior by removing an unpleasant
stimulus when desired behavior occurs. Positive reinforcement (A) adds pleasant
stimuli; punishment (C) adds unpleasant stimuli or removes pleasant ones to decrease
behavior; extinction (D) withholds reinforcement to decrease behavior.
Q9: An employee with high core self-evaluation would likely:
A. Blame external circumstances for all failures
B. Feel powerless to influence their work outcomes
C. Believe in their capabilities and feel in control of their environment [CORRECT]
D. Avoid challenging tasks due to fear of failure
Correct Answer: C