ABFM HEALTH COUNSELING AND PREVENTIVE CARE
EXAM NEWEST 2026 QUESTIONS and CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit. Her
neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has encouraged her
to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks about ovarian cancer
risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which one of the following would be
appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause decreases the risk for
subsequent ovarian cancer
CA-125 has a false-positive rate of 98% when used to screen for ovarian
cancer
Bimanual examinations are recommended to screen for ovarian cancer
Transvaginal ultrasonography is recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in
the United States. Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include a
positive family history and having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. A
first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk by
about threefold. The use of oral contraceptives during the reproductive
years, and pregnancy, especially after age 35, reduce the risk of ovarian
,cancer, but postmenopausal estrogen use may increase the risk.The U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force does not currently recommend screening
for ovarian cancer, as it is likely to have a relatively low yield (D
recommendation). Almost all women with a positive screening test for CA-
125 will not have ovarian cancer. In women at average risk, the positive
predictive value of an abnormal CA-125 is approximately 2%, so 98% of
women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer. There are no
current recommendations for ovarian cancer screening by either
transvaginal ultrasonography or pelvic examination.
A male who was born in 1970 comes to your office for a preoperative
examination for an orthopedic procedure on his knee. He is otherwise
healthy and does not take any medications, but he has not seen a
physician for 6 years. He used illicit drugs for a brief period at age 23 but
has not done so since that time and has had three sexual partners, all of
them female. You use this opportunity to counsel him on preventive health
screenings, including hepatitis C.Which one of the following is true
regarding screening for hepatitis C?
The high cost of treatment outweighs the potential benefit of screening
The CDC recommends testing for hepatitis C virus every 3-5 years in
patients who have a history of drug injection
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screening
for hepatitis C only for those born between 1945 and 1965
This patient should be screened with hepatitis C RNA polymerase chain
reaction (PC - CORRECT ANSWER-E
,You are counseling a 45-year-old male with elevated LDL-cholesterol.
When discussing dietary changes to promote healthy lipid levels, which one
of the following would be accurate advice?
He should minimize his consumption of nuts
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommended
for reducing hypertension will help lower his LDL-cholesterol level
Saturated fats should comprise 15% or less of his caloric intake
He should aim for a fiber intake of 25 g daily
He should record what he has eaten in a food diary at the end of each day -
CORRECT ANSWER-B
In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA) issued lifestyle
management guidelines designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult
patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA advises following
diet plans such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
diet, the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The AHA specifically
recommends reducing the percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source. The AHA also
recommends a diet that emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains, and which includes fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products,
legumes, nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts. Consumption of red meat,
sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages should be discouraged.Although
dietary fiber has been shown to have several beneficial health effects, the
average daily intake for most Americans is 15 g daily, which is much lower
than the recommended amount. The recommended daily fiber intake for
males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For other populations the recommended
, amount is lower, and varies according to age and sex. Several randomized,
controlled trials have shown a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect of dietary behavior
change but it is most accurate if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
A 24-year-old female sees you for a preconception visit and removal of her
IUD. This will be her first pregnancy and she tells you that she has smoked
¼-½ pack of cigarettes a day for the past 5 years.Which one of the
following would be appropriate advice regarding the risks from smoking?
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of clubfoot
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital atrial septal
defects
Stopping smoking now will reduce the increased risk of orofacial defects in
her infant
Reducing smoking now will reduce the risk of preterm delivery - CORRECT
ANSWER-D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including
conception delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased
risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of
abruption, preterm rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature
delivery; and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth,
low birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's
EXAM NEWEST 2026 QUESTIONS and CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
A 42-year-old female sees you for a routine health maintenance visit. Her
neighbor was just diagnosed with ovarian cancer and has encouraged her
to have her CA-125 level checked. The patient asks about ovarian cancer
risk factors, prevention, and screening. Which one of the following would be
appropriate advice?
A past history of oral contraceptive use increases the risk for ovarian
cancer
Hormone replacement therapy after menopause decreases the risk for
subsequent ovarian cancer
CA-125 has a false-positive rate of 98% when used to screen for ovarian
cancer
Bimanual examinations are recommended to screen for ovarian cancer
Transvaginal ultrasonography is recommended to screen for ovarian
cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in
the United States. Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include a
positive family history and having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. A
first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk by
about threefold. The use of oral contraceptives during the reproductive
years, and pregnancy, especially after age 35, reduce the risk of ovarian
,cancer, but postmenopausal estrogen use may increase the risk.The U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force does not currently recommend screening
for ovarian cancer, as it is likely to have a relatively low yield (D
recommendation). Almost all women with a positive screening test for CA-
125 will not have ovarian cancer. In women at average risk, the positive
predictive value of an abnormal CA-125 is approximately 2%, so 98% of
women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer. There are no
current recommendations for ovarian cancer screening by either
transvaginal ultrasonography or pelvic examination.
A male who was born in 1970 comes to your office for a preoperative
examination for an orthopedic procedure on his knee. He is otherwise
healthy and does not take any medications, but he has not seen a
physician for 6 years. He used illicit drugs for a brief period at age 23 but
has not done so since that time and has had three sexual partners, all of
them female. You use this opportunity to counsel him on preventive health
screenings, including hepatitis C.Which one of the following is true
regarding screening for hepatitis C?
The high cost of treatment outweighs the potential benefit of screening
The CDC recommends testing for hepatitis C virus every 3-5 years in
patients who have a history of drug injection
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screening
for hepatitis C only for those born between 1945 and 1965
This patient should be screened with hepatitis C RNA polymerase chain
reaction (PC - CORRECT ANSWER-E
,You are counseling a 45-year-old male with elevated LDL-cholesterol.
When discussing dietary changes to promote healthy lipid levels, which one
of the following would be accurate advice?
He should minimize his consumption of nuts
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommended
for reducing hypertension will help lower his LDL-cholesterol level
Saturated fats should comprise 15% or less of his caloric intake
He should aim for a fiber intake of 25 g daily
He should record what he has eaten in a food diary at the end of each day -
CORRECT ANSWER-B
In 2013, the American Heart Association (AHA) issued lifestyle
management guidelines designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. For adult
patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels the AHA advises following
diet plans such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
diet, the AHA diet, or the USDA Food Pattern. The AHA specifically
recommends reducing the percentage of calories from saturated fat, aiming
for a goal of 6%-7% of calories from this source. The AHA also
recommends a diet that emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains, and which includes fish, poultry, low-fat dairy products,
legumes, nontropical vegetable oils, and nuts. Consumption of red meat,
sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages should be discouraged.Although
dietary fiber has been shown to have several beneficial health effects, the
average daily intake for most Americans is 15 g daily, which is much lower
than the recommended amount. The recommended daily fiber intake for
males age 14-50 is 38 g daily. For other populations the recommended
, amount is lower, and varies according to age and sex. Several randomized,
controlled trials have shown a reduction of LDL-cholesterol with higher fiber
consumption. A food diary is an important aspect of dietary behavior
change but it is most accurate if entries are made immediately after food is
consumed.
A 24-year-old female sees you for a preconception visit and removal of her
IUD. This will be her first pregnancy and she tells you that she has smoked
¼-½ pack of cigarettes a day for the past 5 years.Which one of the
following would be appropriate advice regarding the risks from smoking?
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of clubfoot
Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital atrial septal
defects
Stopping smoking now will reduce the increased risk of orofacial defects in
her infant
Reducing smoking now will reduce the risk of preterm delivery - CORRECT
ANSWER-D
There are many reproductive problems related to smoking, including
conception delay and both primary and secondary infertility; an increased
risk of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion; an increased risk of
abruption, preterm rupture of membranes, placenta previa, and premature
delivery; and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, including stillbirth,
low birth weight, and SIDS-related deaths. The 2001 Surgeon General's
