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When you see a German shepherd 100 yards away from you
in a park, you
don't think it is a miniature dog
because of
A. Gestalt perception
B. shape constancy
C. lightness constancy
D. color constancy
E. size constancy - ANSWER -(E)
Size constancy is the perceptual ability to perceive size
accurately by adjusting for changing distance. Perception
theorists would argue that, by using binocular and monocular
cues to distance, we make an unconscious inference that the
,German shepherd is 100 yards away. Although the size of the
retinal image produced by looking at a dog that far away would
be quite small, the size of the retinal image of the dog
multiplied by the dog's distance yields the perception of a
normal-sized German shepherd. Size constancy is achieved by
multiplying retinal image size times distance.
Which of the following is the LEAST developed in newborns?
A. Taste
B. Touch
C. Vision
D. Audition
E. Smell - ANSWER -(C)
Vision is the least developed sense in newborns. Visual
acuity is normally
between 20/200 and 20/400 at
birth.
Speed of habituation in infancy and later IQ scores have been
shown to be
A. conversely related
,B. diametrically opposed
C. negatively correlated
D. positively correlated
E. in a curvilinear relationship - ANSWER -(D)
Habituation is a form of learning that has shown to be present
in newborns and is measured by length of looking at a
stimulus. Habituation is seen when an infant looks away or
stops looking at a stimulus. When a previously seen stimulus is
shown along with a novel stimulus, newborns will look longer
at the
novel stimulus. Speed of habituation in newborns has been
shown to positively
correlate with later I.Q.
scores.
The type of hearing loss associated with aging is loss of
sensitivity for
A. the human voice
B. low frequency sounds
C. high frequency sounds
D. rhythmic sounds
, E. tympanic sounds - ANSWER -(C)
The hearing loss most associated with aging is a decrease in
sensitivity to high
frequency
sounds.
One reason older adults experience declining eye sight is
A. decreased flexibility of the lens
B. a decrease in the size of the retina
C. a decrease in the fibers of the optic nerve
D. increased pupil diameter
E. decreased fluid in the eyeball - ANSWER -(A)
A decreased flexibility in the lens of the eye due to normal
biological aging is one reason for declining eyesight among the
aged. The lens of the eye must be able to change shape from
concave to convex in order to properly refract light waves to
the retina on the back of the eye. When the lens cannot make
these accommodations, light waves are either refracted short
of the retina or beyond the retina.