UA BSC 108 EXAM TWO COMPREHENSIVE
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is DNA composed of? Answer: nucleotide subunits
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA? Answer: deoxyribose and a phosphate
group
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA covalently bonded to? Answer:
nitrogen-containing bases
⩥ How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain? Answer:
two
⩥ The two strands of DNA are: Answer: complementary
⩥ What are the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA? Answer: adenine,
guanine, thymine, cytosine
⩥ How are the nitrogen-containing bases held together? Answer:
hydrogen bonds
,⩥ What bases pair together? Answer: adenine=thymine
guanine=cytosine
⩥ How does DNA replicate? Answer: DNA molecule unwinds and each
strand is a template for complementary base pairing; each daughter helix
contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized
strand therefore DNA replication is semiconservative
⩥ One parent molecule is composed of two __________________ that
separate. Answer: complementary strands
⩥ Each strand is used as a ______________ to make a new strand.
Answer: template
⩥ What are the two daughter molecules composed of? Answer: One
"old" (parent) strand and one "new" (synthesized) strand
⩥ Where do parent strands separate? Answer: origins of replication
⩥ Where and how does synthesis of two new complementary strands
occur? Answer: replication bubbles, using the parent strands as
templates
, ⩥ What do the replication bubbles do as DNA replication progresses in
both directions at the replication forks? Answer: merge
⩥ How does an organism's DNA lead to specific traits? Answer: by
dictating the synthesis of proteins
⩥ What is the structure of RNA? Answer: single-stranded nucleic acid
⩥ RNA contains ________ instead of thymine. Answer: Uracil
⩥ What sugar is used in RNA? Answer: ribose
⩥ What is the function of mRNA (messenger RNA)? Answer: carries the
genetic message from a gene (DNA) to ribosomes that translate it into a
protein
⩥ What is the function of tRNA (transfer RNA)? Answer: translates
codons into amino acids
⩥ Where does tRNA pair with mRNA? Answer: at the anitcodon
⩥ What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)? Answer: to make up
ribosomes with proteins
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ What is DNA composed of? Answer: nucleotide subunits
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA? Answer: deoxyribose and a phosphate
group
⩥ What is the backbone of DNA covalently bonded to? Answer:
nitrogen-containing bases
⩥ How many strands of DNA does a DNA molecule contain? Answer:
two
⩥ The two strands of DNA are: Answer: complementary
⩥ What are the nitrogen-containing bases in DNA? Answer: adenine,
guanine, thymine, cytosine
⩥ How are the nitrogen-containing bases held together? Answer:
hydrogen bonds
,⩥ What bases pair together? Answer: adenine=thymine
guanine=cytosine
⩥ How does DNA replicate? Answer: DNA molecule unwinds and each
strand is a template for complementary base pairing; each daughter helix
contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized
strand therefore DNA replication is semiconservative
⩥ One parent molecule is composed of two __________________ that
separate. Answer: complementary strands
⩥ Each strand is used as a ______________ to make a new strand.
Answer: template
⩥ What are the two daughter molecules composed of? Answer: One
"old" (parent) strand and one "new" (synthesized) strand
⩥ Where do parent strands separate? Answer: origins of replication
⩥ Where and how does synthesis of two new complementary strands
occur? Answer: replication bubbles, using the parent strands as
templates
, ⩥ What do the replication bubbles do as DNA replication progresses in
both directions at the replication forks? Answer: merge
⩥ How does an organism's DNA lead to specific traits? Answer: by
dictating the synthesis of proteins
⩥ What is the structure of RNA? Answer: single-stranded nucleic acid
⩥ RNA contains ________ instead of thymine. Answer: Uracil
⩥ What sugar is used in RNA? Answer: ribose
⩥ What is the function of mRNA (messenger RNA)? Answer: carries the
genetic message from a gene (DNA) to ribosomes that translate it into a
protein
⩥ What is the function of tRNA (transfer RNA)? Answer: translates
codons into amino acids
⩥ Where does tRNA pair with mRNA? Answer: at the anitcodon
⩥ What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)? Answer: to make up
ribosomes with proteins
