PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE TESTED AND GRADED A+
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has longterm
potassium deficits? - ANSWER>>kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle
weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is
hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition? -
ANSWER>>Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness,
muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of
the following could have caused his condition? -
ANSWER>>acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect to observe? - ANSWER>>oliguria
Page 1 of 60
,Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system? - ANSWER>>carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the: - ANSWER>>lungs Physiologic pH is
maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: -
ANSWER>>20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: -
ANSWER>>Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: - ANSWER>>renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
ANSWER>>hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? -
ANSWER>>pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased
pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the
diagnosis of: - ANSWER>>respiratory acidosis
,For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will
include: - ANSWER>>Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH,
decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis? - ANSWER>>Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides.
Which organ is the priority assessment? - ANSWER>>heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes
ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select
all that apply.) - ANSWER>>-Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH
(SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
- ANSWER>>-Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
Page 3 of 60
, -Muscle twitching
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by
lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider describing? -
ANSWER>>antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the blood
are: - ANSWER>>erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal
sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage? -
ANSWER>>neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their
cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most
similar? A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils - ANSWER>>eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse
remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
- ANSWER>>neutrophil
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE TESTED AND GRADED A+
Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has longterm
potassium deficits? - ANSWER>>kidneys
A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting muscle
weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that she is
hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her condition? -
ANSWER>>Primary hyperaldosteronism
A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness,
muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of
the following could have caused his condition? -
ANSWER>>acidosis
A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding
should the nurse expect to observe? - ANSWER>>oliguria
Page 1 of 60
,Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system? - ANSWER>>carbonic acid and bicarbonate
A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or retention of
volatile acids is accomplished by the: - ANSWER>>lungs Physiologic pH is
maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: -
ANSWER>>20:1
Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: -
ANSWER>>Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: - ANSWER>>renal failure
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by: -
ANSWER>>hyperventilating
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? -
ANSWER>>pneumonia
A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased
pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the
diagnosis of: - ANSWER>>respiratory acidosis
,For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will
include: - ANSWER>>Kidney excretion of H+
A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizziness,
confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated pH,
decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is the most
likely diagnosis? - ANSWER>>Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic peptides.
Which organ is the priority assessment? - ANSWER>>heart
A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a
hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes
ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select
all that apply.) - ANSWER>>-Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-Muscle twitching
The nurse would anticipate the patient with syndrome of inappropriate ADH
(SIADH) to demonstrate which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
- ANSWER>>-Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
Page 3 of 60
, -Muscle twitching
A primary care provider is talking about plasma proteins synthesized by
lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. What is the primary care provider describing? -
ANSWER>>antibodies
While reviewing lab results, the nurse recalls the most abundant cells in the blood
are: - ANSWER>>erythrocytes
An adult patients blood sample is analyzed in a laboratory. Assuming a normal
sample, which type of white blood cell accounts for the highest percentage? -
ANSWER>>neutrophils
A group of cells isolated in the laboratory have membrane-bound granules in their
cytoplasm and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most
similar? A) Monocyte
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Eosinophils - ANSWER>>eosinophils
While planning care for a patient with inflammation, which principle will the nurse
remember? The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:
- ANSWER>>neutrophil
