NSG 3850 PATHO 2 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/STUDY GUIDE UPDATED 2026
hypoventilation
This happens when there is insufficient air being delivered to the alveoli to provide
adequate O2 and remove CO2
These factors can cause hypoventilation
drugs - morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation
This happens when there is an increase of air entering the alveoli resulting in decreased
PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation
pain
anxiety
high altitude
,sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia
deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia
decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia?
hypoxic hypoxia - high altitude, hypoventilation
anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia?
RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
,Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis?
acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
airways become inflamed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis
smoke/chemical inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis?
cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
What would you see with chronic bronchitis?
hypersecretion of bronchial walls
hyperplasia of bronchial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
, scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see?
Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema?
destructive changes of the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
What are some factors that cause emphysema?
Cigarette Smoking (>70 Packs A Year)
Air Pollution
ANSWERS/STUDY GUIDE UPDATED 2026
hypoventilation
This happens when there is insufficient air being delivered to the alveoli to provide
adequate O2 and remove CO2
These factors can cause hypoventilation
drugs - morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation
This happens when there is an increase of air entering the alveoli resulting in decreased
PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation
pain
anxiety
high altitude
,sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia
deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia
decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia?
hypoxic hypoxia - high altitude, hypoventilation
anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia?
RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
,Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis?
acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
airways become inflamed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis
smoke/chemical inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis?
cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
What would you see with chronic bronchitis?
hypersecretion of bronchial walls
hyperplasia of bronchial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
, scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see?
Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema?
destructive changes of the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
What are some factors that cause emphysema?
Cigarette Smoking (>70 Packs A Year)
Air Pollution
