PNB 2265 EXAM QUESTIONS & 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
What kind of tissue is blood? - Answer - Fluid connective tissue
What is hemostasis? - Answer - Blood clotting
What is plasma made up of? - Answer - Primarily water
What is the supernatent of blood? - Answer - Plasma
What is the pellet in blood? - Answer - Red blood cells
Thrombocytes - Answer - Platelets
Leukocytes - Answer - White blood cells
Erythrocytes - Answer - Red blood cells
Hematocrit - Answer - Measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in blood
composition
Where are the white blood cells and platelets found in a hematocrit? - Answer - Buffy
coat
What does HBG stand for in CBC? - Answer - Hemoglobin
What does MCV measure? - Answer - Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells
What are the subtypes of WBC? - Answer - neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
What type of WBC do you look for to be abnormal for HIV? - Answer - Lymphocytes
What is a mnemonic to remember WBC in descending proportion? - Answer - Never
let monkeys eat bananas
What is the most abundant formed element in blood? - Answer - Red blood cells
Describe the structure/function relationship in red blood cells - Answer - Red blood
cells are biconcave because they lack a nucleus and organelles. This shape
maximizes the space for CO2 and O2 to diffuse. This shape also allows for efficient
movement through blood vessels.
What unit is hemoglobin measured in? - Answer - grams/deciliter
, How many protein subunits make up hemoglobin? - Answer - 4
What chains are in adult hemoglobin? - Answer - 2 beta chains and 2 alpha chains
What chains are in fetal hemoglobin? - Answer - 2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains
`
How many heme groups on in hemoglobin? - Answer - 4, one on each chain
Where does oxygen bind to? - Answer - The iron in the heme group on hemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when nothing is bound to it? - Answer -
Deoxyhemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when oxygen is bound to it? - Answer -
Oxyhemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when carbon dioxide is bound to it? - Answer -
Carabino-hemoglobin
Is the binding of gas to each hemoglobin chain independent? - Answer - No, there is
cooperative binding that occurs because when a gas binds to the chain, it changes
shape
What are two examples of cooperative binding? - Answer - Bohr and Haldan effect
Haldan Effect - Answer - It is easier for CO2 to bind to hemoglobin if it does not have
oxygen bound to it. This ensures that RBC can remove CO2 from tissues after it
delivers oxygen.
Bohr Effect - Answer - CO2 binding facilitates the release of oxygen. This makes it
easier to release oxygen to tissue when the hemoglobin gets CO2. This is useful for
offloading oxygen
Anemia - Answer - Any situation when the blood fails to oxygenate tissues
Microcytic Anemia - Answer - Smaller than normal red blood cell size
What type of anemia occurs when the MCV is low? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
What are two types of microcytic anemia? - Answer - Thalassemia: hemoglobin
mutation that results in smaller than normal cell size
Iron Deficiency: caused by not enough iron in diet or heavy periods, which can lead
to small RBC because hemoglobin takes up so much weight of a RBC
What kind of anemia is thalassemia? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
What kind of anemia is caued by an iron deficiency? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
ANSWERS
What kind of tissue is blood? - Answer - Fluid connective tissue
What is hemostasis? - Answer - Blood clotting
What is plasma made up of? - Answer - Primarily water
What is the supernatent of blood? - Answer - Plasma
What is the pellet in blood? - Answer - Red blood cells
Thrombocytes - Answer - Platelets
Leukocytes - Answer - White blood cells
Erythrocytes - Answer - Red blood cells
Hematocrit - Answer - Measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in blood
composition
Where are the white blood cells and platelets found in a hematocrit? - Answer - Buffy
coat
What does HBG stand for in CBC? - Answer - Hemoglobin
What does MCV measure? - Answer - Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells
What are the subtypes of WBC? - Answer - neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
What type of WBC do you look for to be abnormal for HIV? - Answer - Lymphocytes
What is a mnemonic to remember WBC in descending proportion? - Answer - Never
let monkeys eat bananas
What is the most abundant formed element in blood? - Answer - Red blood cells
Describe the structure/function relationship in red blood cells - Answer - Red blood
cells are biconcave because they lack a nucleus and organelles. This shape
maximizes the space for CO2 and O2 to diffuse. This shape also allows for efficient
movement through blood vessels.
What unit is hemoglobin measured in? - Answer - grams/deciliter
, How many protein subunits make up hemoglobin? - Answer - 4
What chains are in adult hemoglobin? - Answer - 2 beta chains and 2 alpha chains
What chains are in fetal hemoglobin? - Answer - 2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains
`
How many heme groups on in hemoglobin? - Answer - 4, one on each chain
Where does oxygen bind to? - Answer - The iron in the heme group on hemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when nothing is bound to it? - Answer -
Deoxyhemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when oxygen is bound to it? - Answer -
Oxyhemoglobin
What is the hemoglobin chain called when carbon dioxide is bound to it? - Answer -
Carabino-hemoglobin
Is the binding of gas to each hemoglobin chain independent? - Answer - No, there is
cooperative binding that occurs because when a gas binds to the chain, it changes
shape
What are two examples of cooperative binding? - Answer - Bohr and Haldan effect
Haldan Effect - Answer - It is easier for CO2 to bind to hemoglobin if it does not have
oxygen bound to it. This ensures that RBC can remove CO2 from tissues after it
delivers oxygen.
Bohr Effect - Answer - CO2 binding facilitates the release of oxygen. This makes it
easier to release oxygen to tissue when the hemoglobin gets CO2. This is useful for
offloading oxygen
Anemia - Answer - Any situation when the blood fails to oxygenate tissues
Microcytic Anemia - Answer - Smaller than normal red blood cell size
What type of anemia occurs when the MCV is low? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
What are two types of microcytic anemia? - Answer - Thalassemia: hemoglobin
mutation that results in smaller than normal cell size
Iron Deficiency: caused by not enough iron in diet or heavy periods, which can lead
to small RBC because hemoglobin takes up so much weight of a RBC
What kind of anemia is thalassemia? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
What kind of anemia is caued by an iron deficiency? - Answer - Microcytic anemia
