Updated RATED A+ 2026
Organiza ons
Collec ons of people who work together and coordinate their ac ons to achieve a wide variety
of goals and desired future outcomes
Management
The planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve
organiza onal goals efficiently and effec vely
Organiza onal Performance
A measure of how effec vely and efficiently a manager uses resources to sa sfy customers and
achieve organiza onal goals
Efficiency
A measure of how well or how produc vely resources are used to achieve a goal
Effec veness
A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organiza on is pursuing and the degree to
which the organiza on achieves those goals
3 steps in planning
1. Deciding which goals the organiza on will pursue
2. Deciding which strategies to adopt to a(ain those goals
3. Deciding how to allocate organiza onal resources to pursue the strategies to a(ain those
goals
Organizing
Structuring working rela onships in a way that allows organiza onal members to work together
to achieve those organiza onal goals; one of the four principles of management
Leading
, Ar cula ng a clear vision and energizing and enabling organiza onal members so they
understand the part they play in achieving organiza onal goals; one of the four principles of
management
Controlling
Evalua ng how well an organiza on is achieving its goals and taking ac on to maintain or
improve performance; one of the four principles of management
First-line manager
A manager who is responsible for the daily supervision of nonmanagerial employees
Middle Manager
A manager who supervises first-line managers and is responsible for finding the best ways to
use resources to achieve organiza onal goals
Top Manager
A manager who establishes organiza onal goals, decides how departments should interact, and
monitors the performance of the middle managers
Top Management Team
A group composed of the CEO, the COD, and the vice presidents of the most important
departments of a company
Conceptual Skills
Demonstrated in the general ability to analyze and diagnose a situa on and to dis nguish
between cause and effect
Human Skills
Ability to understand, alter, lead and control the behavior of other individuals and groups
Technical Skills
The job-specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organiza onal role
Core Competencies
The specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organiza on
to outperform another
Restructuring