WOUND CARE WCEI PRACTICE TEST 2026
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
●● What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure
ulcer staging?
Answer: NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
●● pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be
attributed by 3 factors? what are they?
Answer: tissue tolerance, duration of pressure, and intensity of pressure
●● what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers?
Answer: increase in moisture, friction and shearing
●● how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to
pressure ulcer?
Answer: friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with gravity
it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity pushes
down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move,
primary effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
,●● what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers?
Answer: nutritional debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking,
elevated body temperature
●● Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure
ulcer?
Answer: dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange
occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of
dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
●● What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU?
Answer: when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes
white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating blood
flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-
indicating impaired blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
●● why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down
than lying?
Answer: deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down
because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
●● Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury?
Answer: purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor
blood filled blister; may be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or boggy;
,skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister
or eschar over a dark wound bed may bee seen
●● Describe stage I pressure ulcer?
Answer: Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will
not see blanching in dark skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency
(firm vs boggy when palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler
temperature may differ from surrounding area
●● Describe stage II pressure ulcer?
Answer: partial-thickness wound where epidermis and tip of dermis is
lost with red-pink wound bed w/out slough. may also present as intact or
open/ruptured serum -filled blister
●● Describe stage III pressure ulcer?
Answer: full-thickness wound where both epidermis and dermis is lost
and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but deeper structures such as
muscle, bone, and tendon are not exposed; slough my be present but it
doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and undermining may be present
●● Describe stage IV pressure ulcer?
Answer: full-thickness wound with exposed bone,tendon, and muscle;
slough or eschar may be seen in some parts of the wound bed. you will
often see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this
stage, since bone is palpable
, ●● Describe unstageble ulcers?
Answer: full-thickness wound where base of the ulcer is covered by
slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
●● When should eschars not be removed?
Answer: when it's stable with dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema
on the heel; this serves as the body's natural cover and should not be
removed.
●● Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what
2 factors?
Answer: immersion and envelopement
●● Define immersion?
Answer: depth of penetration or skining into surgace allowing pressure
to be spread out over surrounding area rather than directly over boney
prominence
●● Define envelopement?
Answer: is the ability of support surface to conform to irregularities
without causing substantial increase in pressure
●● what is bottoming out?
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEED TO PASS
●● What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure
ulcer staging?
Answer: NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
●● pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be
attributed by 3 factors? what are they?
Answer: tissue tolerance, duration of pressure, and intensity of pressure
●● what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers?
Answer: increase in moisture, friction and shearing
●● how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to
pressure ulcer?
Answer: friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but with gravity
it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity pushes
down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move,
primary effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
,●● what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers?
Answer: nutritional debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking,
elevated body temperature
●● Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure
ulcer?
Answer: dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange
occurs, less resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of
dermal thickness, increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to
distribute mechanical load w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
●● What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU?
Answer: when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes
white (blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating blood
flow; however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-
indicating impaired blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
●● why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down
than lying?
Answer: deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down
because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
●● Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury?
Answer: purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor
blood filled blister; may be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or boggy;
,skin may be warmer to cooler in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister
or eschar over a dark wound bed may bee seen
●● Describe stage I pressure ulcer?
Answer: Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will
not see blanching in dark skin, but changes in skin tissue consistency
(firm vs boggy when palpated), sensation (pain), and warmer or cooler
temperature may differ from surrounding area
●● Describe stage II pressure ulcer?
Answer: partial-thickness wound where epidermis and tip of dermis is
lost with red-pink wound bed w/out slough. may also present as intact or
open/ruptured serum -filled blister
●● Describe stage III pressure ulcer?
Answer: full-thickness wound where both epidermis and dermis is lost
and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but deeper structures such as
muscle, bone, and tendon are not exposed; slough my be present but it
doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and undermining may be present
●● Describe stage IV pressure ulcer?
Answer: full-thickness wound with exposed bone,tendon, and muscle;
slough or eschar may be seen in some parts of the wound bed. you will
often see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis may be dxed at this
stage, since bone is palpable
, ●● Describe unstageble ulcers?
Answer: full-thickness wound where base of the ulcer is covered by
slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
●● When should eschars not be removed?
Answer: when it's stable with dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema
on the heel; this serves as the body's natural cover and should not be
removed.
●● Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what
2 factors?
Answer: immersion and envelopement
●● Define immersion?
Answer: depth of penetration or skining into surgace allowing pressure
to be spread out over surrounding area rather than directly over boney
prominence
●● Define envelopement?
Answer: is the ability of support surface to conform to irregularities
without causing substantial increase in pressure
●● what is bottoming out?
