ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2023 Proctored Exam: 180
Practice Questions with NGN, Answers, and Detailed
Rationales for Success pdf form
SECTION 1: Cardiovascular Disorders
6. A client with varicose veins asks about prevention strategies. Which response
by the nurse is appropriate?
A) "Sit with legs crossed to improve circulation"
B) "Wear tight compression stockings during the day"
C) "Avoid standing for long periods and elevate legs when sitting"
D) "Apply cold compresses to the legs daily"
☑ Correct Answer-: C) "Avoid standing for long periods and elevate legs
when sitting"
Rationale: Prolonged standing increases venous pressure. Elevating legs promotes
venous return. Compression stockings should be fitted properly—too tight can
impede circulation. Crossing legs impairs venous return.
7. A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. Which finding
indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
A) Urticaria and pruritus
B) Chills and fever
C) Low back pain and hypotension
D) Dyspnea and crackles
☑ Correct Answer-: C) Low back pain and hypotension
Rationale: Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur due to ABO incompatibility.
,Symptoms include low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria, and
fever. Urticaria indicates allergic reaction; dyspnea with crackles indicates fluid
overload.
8. A client with infective endocarditis is being discharged. Which statement
indicates understanding of discharge teaching?
A) "I will notify my dentist about this condition before any procedures"
B) "I can stop antibiotics when I feel better"
C) "I should avoid all physical activity"
D) "I will take ibuprofen for fever"
☑ Correct Answer-: A) "I will notify my dentist about this condition
before any procedures"
Rationale: Clients with infective endocarditis require antibiotic prophylaxis before
dental procedures to prevent recurrence. Antibiotics must be completed as
prescribed. Activity should be gradually increased. Acetaminophen is preferred for
fever.
9. A nurse is assessing a client with right-sided heart failure. Which finding
should the nurse expect?
A) Crackles in the lungs
B) Peripheral edema
C) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D) Orthopnea
☑ Correct Answer-: B) Peripheral edema
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion due to the right
ventricle's inability to pump blood effectively. Manifestations include peripheral
edema, jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, and weight gain. Left-sided failure
causes pulmonary symptoms.
,10. A client with coronary artery disease asks about the purpose of prescribed
atorvastatin. Which response is correct?
A) "It lowers your heart rate"
B) "It prevents blood clots"
C) "It lowers your cholesterol levels"
D) "It dilates your coronary arteries"
☑ Correct Answer-: C) "It lowers your cholesterol levels"
Rationale: Atorvastatin is a statin medication that lowers LDL cholesterol and
triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol. It does not affect heart rate,
prevent clots, or dilate arteries directly.
11. A nurse is caring for a client 2 hours after a myocardial infarction. Which
assessment finding is most concerning?
A) Heart rate 98 bpm
B) Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg
C) New-onset crackles in lung bases
D) Mild chest discomfort rated 2/10
☑ Correct Answer-: C) New-onset crackles in lung bases
Rationale: New crackles indicate pulmonary congestion from left ventricular
failure, a serious complication post-MI. Mild chest discomfort may be expected;
heart rate and BP are within acceptable ranges.
12. A client is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which instruction should
the nurse include?
A) "Increase intake of green leafy vegetables"
B) "Use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
C) "Take aspirin for headaches"
D) "Monitor blood pressure weekly"
, ☑ Correct Answer-: B) "Use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
Practice Questions with NGN, Answers, and Detailed
Rationales for Success pdf form
SECTION 1: Cardiovascular Disorders
6. A client with varicose veins asks about prevention strategies. Which response
by the nurse is appropriate?
A) "Sit with legs crossed to improve circulation"
B) "Wear tight compression stockings during the day"
C) "Avoid standing for long periods and elevate legs when sitting"
D) "Apply cold compresses to the legs daily"
☑ Correct Answer-: C) "Avoid standing for long periods and elevate legs
when sitting"
Rationale: Prolonged standing increases venous pressure. Elevating legs promotes
venous return. Compression stockings should be fitted properly—too tight can
impede circulation. Crossing legs impairs venous return.
7. A nurse is monitoring a client receiving a blood transfusion. Which finding
indicates a hemolytic transfusion reaction?
A) Urticaria and pruritus
B) Chills and fever
C) Low back pain and hypotension
D) Dyspnea and crackles
☑ Correct Answer-: C) Low back pain and hypotension
Rationale: Hemolytic transfusion reactions occur due to ABO incompatibility.
,Symptoms include low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, hemoglobinuria, and
fever. Urticaria indicates allergic reaction; dyspnea with crackles indicates fluid
overload.
8. A client with infective endocarditis is being discharged. Which statement
indicates understanding of discharge teaching?
A) "I will notify my dentist about this condition before any procedures"
B) "I can stop antibiotics when I feel better"
C) "I should avoid all physical activity"
D) "I will take ibuprofen for fever"
☑ Correct Answer-: A) "I will notify my dentist about this condition
before any procedures"
Rationale: Clients with infective endocarditis require antibiotic prophylaxis before
dental procedures to prevent recurrence. Antibiotics must be completed as
prescribed. Activity should be gradually increased. Acetaminophen is preferred for
fever.
9. A nurse is assessing a client with right-sided heart failure. Which finding
should the nurse expect?
A) Crackles in the lungs
B) Peripheral edema
C) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D) Orthopnea
☑ Correct Answer-: B) Peripheral edema
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes systemic congestion due to the right
ventricle's inability to pump blood effectively. Manifestations include peripheral
edema, jugular vein distention, hepatomegaly, and weight gain. Left-sided failure
causes pulmonary symptoms.
,10. A client with coronary artery disease asks about the purpose of prescribed
atorvastatin. Which response is correct?
A) "It lowers your heart rate"
B) "It prevents blood clots"
C) "It lowers your cholesterol levels"
D) "It dilates your coronary arteries"
☑ Correct Answer-: C) "It lowers your cholesterol levels"
Rationale: Atorvastatin is a statin medication that lowers LDL cholesterol and
triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol. It does not affect heart rate,
prevent clots, or dilate arteries directly.
11. A nurse is caring for a client 2 hours after a myocardial infarction. Which
assessment finding is most concerning?
A) Heart rate 98 bpm
B) Blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg
C) New-onset crackles in lung bases
D) Mild chest discomfort rated 2/10
☑ Correct Answer-: C) New-onset crackles in lung bases
Rationale: New crackles indicate pulmonary congestion from left ventricular
failure, a serious complication post-MI. Mild chest discomfort may be expected;
heart rate and BP are within acceptable ranges.
12. A client is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which instruction should
the nurse include?
A) "Increase intake of green leafy vegetables"
B) "Use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
C) "Take aspirin for headaches"
D) "Monitor blood pressure weekly"
, ☑ Correct Answer-: B) "Use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
