CHEM 1020 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Matter. - Answers - Any solid, liquid, gas, or plasma that occupies space and has a
mass.
Mixture. - Answers - A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined.
Homogeneous. - Answers - A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases with
a uniform distribution of its constituents throughout the substance.
Heterogeneous. - Answers - A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases that
are not uniformly distributed throughout the substance.
Solution. - Answers - A homogeneous (of uniform composition) mixture of a solvent and
one or more solutes.
Atom. - Answers - The smallest building block that can exist as a stable, independent
entity.
Element. - Answers - One of the 100 or so pure substances in our world from which
compounds are formed. Elements contain only one type of atom.
Compound. - Answers - A pure substance that is comprised of two or more different
types of atoms in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
Molecule. - Answers - Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain
spatial arrangement.
Chemical formula. - Answers - A symbolic way to represent the elementary composition
of a substance. It reveals both the elements present (by chemical symbols) and the
atomic ratio of those elements (by the subscripts).
Molecular compound. - Answers - A pure substance that contains two or more atoms
from nonmetallic elements.
Ionic compound. - Answers - A compound composed of ions that are present in fixed
proportions and arranged in regular, geometric structure.
Allotropes. - Answers - Different structural forms of the same element.
The names of Groups 1 and 2. - Answers - Group 1 - Alkali metals.
Group 2 -Alkaline earth metals.
The names of Groups 17 and 18. - Answers - Group 17 - Halogens.
, Group 18 - Noble gases.
What are rare earth metals used for? - Answers - Catalytic converters, fluorescent
lighting, memory chips, rechargeable batteries, magnets, and speakers inside of cell
phones and other portable electronic devices.
Radiation. - Answers - the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles.
Wavelength. - Answers - The distance between successive peaks in a sequence of
waves.
Frequency. - Answers - The number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
UVA. - Answers - Black light. Reaches Earth's surface in the greatest quantity and
penetrates farthest into the skin. Lowest energy. 320-400 nm.
UVB. - Answers - Most UVB is absorbed by ozone (O3) in the stratosphere. UVB
damages the outermost layer of your skin. Medium energy. 280-320 nm.
UVC. - Answers - Although UVC radiation is very harmful, it is completely absorbed by
O2 and O3 in the stratosphere. Highest energy. 200-280 nm.
Energy of a photon equation. - Answers - E = hc/λ
E = the energy of a single photon in units of joules J
h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J•s)
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength
As the wavelength of radiation gets shorter... - Answers - ...the energy of its photons
increases.
Solvent. - Answers - The medium that dissolves the solute in the solution.
Solute. - Answers - The substance that is being dissolved in a solution.
Precipitate. - Answers - The solid deposited during a precipitation event, when a solid
drops out of a homogeneous solution. This generally refers to an amorphous solid, with
no long-range structural order, but it can also be used to describe a crystalline solid
deposited slowly from a solution.
Isotope. - Answers - A radioactive form of an element.
Mole. - Answers - An Avogadro's number of objects.
Matter. - Answers - Any solid, liquid, gas, or plasma that occupies space and has a
mass.
Mixture. - Answers - A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined.
Homogeneous. - Answers - A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases with
a uniform distribution of its constituents throughout the substance.
Heterogeneous. - Answers - A single-phase combination of solids, liquids, or gases that
are not uniformly distributed throughout the substance.
Solution. - Answers - A homogeneous (of uniform composition) mixture of a solvent and
one or more solutes.
Atom. - Answers - The smallest building block that can exist as a stable, independent
entity.
Element. - Answers - One of the 100 or so pure substances in our world from which
compounds are formed. Elements contain only one type of atom.
Compound. - Answers - A pure substance that is comprised of two or more different
types of atoms in a fixed, characteristic chemical combination.
Molecule. - Answers - Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain
spatial arrangement.
Chemical formula. - Answers - A symbolic way to represent the elementary composition
of a substance. It reveals both the elements present (by chemical symbols) and the
atomic ratio of those elements (by the subscripts).
Molecular compound. - Answers - A pure substance that contains two or more atoms
from nonmetallic elements.
Ionic compound. - Answers - A compound composed of ions that are present in fixed
proportions and arranged in regular, geometric structure.
Allotropes. - Answers - Different structural forms of the same element.
The names of Groups 1 and 2. - Answers - Group 1 - Alkali metals.
Group 2 -Alkaline earth metals.
The names of Groups 17 and 18. - Answers - Group 17 - Halogens.
, Group 18 - Noble gases.
What are rare earth metals used for? - Answers - Catalytic converters, fluorescent
lighting, memory chips, rechargeable batteries, magnets, and speakers inside of cell
phones and other portable electronic devices.
Radiation. - Answers - the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving
subatomic particles.
Wavelength. - Answers - The distance between successive peaks in a sequence of
waves.
Frequency. - Answers - The number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
UVA. - Answers - Black light. Reaches Earth's surface in the greatest quantity and
penetrates farthest into the skin. Lowest energy. 320-400 nm.
UVB. - Answers - Most UVB is absorbed by ozone (O3) in the stratosphere. UVB
damages the outermost layer of your skin. Medium energy. 280-320 nm.
UVC. - Answers - Although UVC radiation is very harmful, it is completely absorbed by
O2 and O3 in the stratosphere. Highest energy. 200-280 nm.
Energy of a photon equation. - Answers - E = hc/λ
E = the energy of a single photon in units of joules J
h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J•s)
c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength
As the wavelength of radiation gets shorter... - Answers - ...the energy of its photons
increases.
Solvent. - Answers - The medium that dissolves the solute in the solution.
Solute. - Answers - The substance that is being dissolved in a solution.
Precipitate. - Answers - The solid deposited during a precipitation event, when a solid
drops out of a homogeneous solution. This generally refers to an amorphous solid, with
no long-range structural order, but it can also be used to describe a crystalline solid
deposited slowly from a solution.
Isotope. - Answers - A radioactive form of an element.
Mole. - Answers - An Avogadro's number of objects.
