1|Page
ATI PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL ONLINE
PRACTICE 2026 | NGN EXAM BANK | 160+ Q&A
WITH RATIONALES | A+ RATED | HIGH-YIELD
CONTENT**
Table of Contents
1. **Cardiovascular Disorders** (Q1–Q25)
2. **Respiratory Disorders** (Q26–Q50)
3. **Gastrointestinal Disorders** (Q51–Q70)
4. **Renal & Urinary Disorders** (Q71–Q85)
5. **Neurological Disorders** (Q86–Q100)
6. **Endocrine Disorders** (Q101–Q115)
7. **Musculoskeletal & Integumentary Disorders** (Q116–Q130)
8. **Hematological & Immune Disorders** (Q131–Q140)
9. **Perioperative & Emergency Nursing** (Q141–Q150)
10. **NGN Case Studies (6 Scenarios)** (Q151–Q160 – each with sub-
questions)
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,2|Page
# Section 1: Cardiovascular Disorders (Q1–Q25)
**Q1.** A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who has crackles
in lung bases, jugular vein distention, and peripheral edema. Which
dietary restriction is most important?
A. Low-sodium diet
B. Low-fat diet
C. Low-protein diet
D. High-carbohydrate diet
**Correct Answer: A – Low-sodium diet**
*Rationale: Sodium retention worsens fluid overload in heart failure.*
**Q2.** A client with angina pectoris reports chest pain that is relieved
by rest and nitroglycerin. The nurse identifies this as:
A. Unstable angina
B. Stable angina
C. Variant angina
D. Myocardial infarction
**Correct Answer: B – Stable angina**
*Rationale: Stable angina is predictable, relieved by rest/nitroglycerin.*
,3|Page
**Q3.** A client post-myocardial infarction has a heart rate of 110 bpm
and blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg. Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A. Mild chest discomfort
B. Crackles in bilateral lung bases
C. JVD and peripheral edema
D. ST-segment elevation on telemetry
**Correct Answer: D – ST-segment elevation**
*Rationale: Indicates ongoing ischemia/reinjury; requires immediate
reperfusion therapy.*
**Q4.** A nurse administers furosemide to a client with pulmonary
edema. Which outcome indicates effectiveness?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Decreased crackles and dyspnea
C. Increased urine specific gravity
D. Decreased heart rate
**Correct Answer: B – Decreased crackles and dyspnea**
*Rationale: Furosemide reduces preload, relieving pulmonary
congestion.*
, 4|Page
**Q5.** A client with hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide.
Which lab value should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum potassium
C. Serum calcium
D. Serum magnesium
**Correct Answer: B – Serum potassium**
*Rationale: Thiazides cause hypokalemia.*
**Q6.** A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. Which
instruction is most important?
A. Take with food to avoid GI upset
B. Report any black tarry stools
C. Avoid aged cheese and red wine
D. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
**Correct Answer: B – Report any black tarry stools**
*Rationale: Indicates GI bleeding; warfarin increases bleeding risk.*
**Q7.** A nurse assesses a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Which finding is expected?
A. Shiny, hairless legs with cool skin
ATI PN ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL ONLINE
PRACTICE 2026 | NGN EXAM BANK | 160+ Q&A
WITH RATIONALES | A+ RATED | HIGH-YIELD
CONTENT**
Table of Contents
1. **Cardiovascular Disorders** (Q1–Q25)
2. **Respiratory Disorders** (Q26–Q50)
3. **Gastrointestinal Disorders** (Q51–Q70)
4. **Renal & Urinary Disorders** (Q71–Q85)
5. **Neurological Disorders** (Q86–Q100)
6. **Endocrine Disorders** (Q101–Q115)
7. **Musculoskeletal & Integumentary Disorders** (Q116–Q130)
8. **Hematological & Immune Disorders** (Q131–Q140)
9. **Perioperative & Emergency Nursing** (Q141–Q150)
10. **NGN Case Studies (6 Scenarios)** (Q151–Q160 – each with sub-
questions)
---
,2|Page
# Section 1: Cardiovascular Disorders (Q1–Q25)
**Q1.** A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who has crackles
in lung bases, jugular vein distention, and peripheral edema. Which
dietary restriction is most important?
A. Low-sodium diet
B. Low-fat diet
C. Low-protein diet
D. High-carbohydrate diet
**Correct Answer: A – Low-sodium diet**
*Rationale: Sodium retention worsens fluid overload in heart failure.*
**Q2.** A client with angina pectoris reports chest pain that is relieved
by rest and nitroglycerin. The nurse identifies this as:
A. Unstable angina
B. Stable angina
C. Variant angina
D. Myocardial infarction
**Correct Answer: B – Stable angina**
*Rationale: Stable angina is predictable, relieved by rest/nitroglycerin.*
,3|Page
**Q3.** A client post-myocardial infarction has a heart rate of 110 bpm
and blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg. Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A. Mild chest discomfort
B. Crackles in bilateral lung bases
C. JVD and peripheral edema
D. ST-segment elevation on telemetry
**Correct Answer: D – ST-segment elevation**
*Rationale: Indicates ongoing ischemia/reinjury; requires immediate
reperfusion therapy.*
**Q4.** A nurse administers furosemide to a client with pulmonary
edema. Which outcome indicates effectiveness?
A. Increased blood pressure
B. Decreased crackles and dyspnea
C. Increased urine specific gravity
D. Decreased heart rate
**Correct Answer: B – Decreased crackles and dyspnea**
*Rationale: Furosemide reduces preload, relieving pulmonary
congestion.*
, 4|Page
**Q5.** A client with hypertension is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide.
Which lab value should the nurse monitor most closely?
A. Serum sodium
B. Serum potassium
C. Serum calcium
D. Serum magnesium
**Correct Answer: B – Serum potassium**
*Rationale: Thiazides cause hypokalemia.*
**Q6.** A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. Which
instruction is most important?
A. Take with food to avoid GI upset
B. Report any black tarry stools
C. Avoid aged cheese and red wine
D. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush
**Correct Answer: B – Report any black tarry stools**
*Rationale: Indicates GI bleeding; warfarin increases bleeding risk.*
**Q7.** A nurse assesses a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Which finding is expected?
A. Shiny, hairless legs with cool skin
