PATHO 370 TEST 4 WEST COAST UNIVERSITY
FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?
a. collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder
b. renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter
c. ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder
d. collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra Answer: B
◉ Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?
a. The bladder wall lacks rugae.
b. Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone.
c. It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
d. Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow.
Answer: B
◉ Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?
a. increased plasma osmotic pressure
b. dilation of the efferent arteriole
c. increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
,d. constriction of the afferent arteriole Answer: C
◉ Normally, which of the following is reabsorbed completely from
the filtrate?
a. glucose
b. sodium
c. water
d. Urea Answer: A
◉ Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from
the collecting ducts?
a. renin
b. aldosterone
c. angiotensin
d. antidiuretic hormone Answer: D
◉ Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?
a. The urine pH decreases.
b. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases.
c. Serum potassium levels are high.
d. Serum osmotic pressure increases. Answer: B
,◉ Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the
proximal convoluted tubule?
a. plasma proteins
b. erythrocytes
c. sodium and potassium ions
d. leukocytes Answer: C
◉ From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the
urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.
a. albumin
b. urea
c. sodium
d. creatinine Answer: a
◉ Which of the following functions would be impaired when tubular
epithelial cells have been damaged?
a. adjusting the specific gravity of the urine
b. reabsorbing the plasma proteins
c. secreting renin
d. exchanging sodium ions for bicarbonate ions Answer: a
, ◉ When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the
body, how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body
fluids?
a. Increase the flow of filtrate.
b. Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions.
c. Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine.
d. Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions. Answer:
b
◉ When comparing normal kidney function with dialysis, which of
the following mechanisms is not possible in dialysis?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. ultrafiltration
d. active transport Answer: d
◉ What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?
a. an ascending infection by E. coli
b. abnormal immune response, causing inflammation
c. dialysis or other invasive procedure
d. virulent bacteria in the blood Answer: a
◉ Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?
FINAL TEST PAPER 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED A+
◉ Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?
a. collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder
b. renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter
c. ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder
d. collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra Answer: B
◉ Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?
a. The bladder wall lacks rugae.
b. Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone.
c. It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
d. Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow.
Answer: B
◉ Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?
a. increased plasma osmotic pressure
b. dilation of the efferent arteriole
c. increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
,d. constriction of the afferent arteriole Answer: C
◉ Normally, which of the following is reabsorbed completely from
the filtrate?
a. glucose
b. sodium
c. water
d. Urea Answer: A
◉ Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from
the collecting ducts?
a. renin
b. aldosterone
c. angiotensin
d. antidiuretic hormone Answer: D
◉ Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?
a. The urine pH decreases.
b. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases.
c. Serum potassium levels are high.
d. Serum osmotic pressure increases. Answer: B
,◉ Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the
proximal convoluted tubule?
a. plasma proteins
b. erythrocytes
c. sodium and potassium ions
d. leukocytes Answer: C
◉ From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the
urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.
a. albumin
b. urea
c. sodium
d. creatinine Answer: a
◉ Which of the following functions would be impaired when tubular
epithelial cells have been damaged?
a. adjusting the specific gravity of the urine
b. reabsorbing the plasma proteins
c. secreting renin
d. exchanging sodium ions for bicarbonate ions Answer: a
, ◉ When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the
body, how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body
fluids?
a. Increase the flow of filtrate.
b. Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions.
c. Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine.
d. Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions. Answer:
b
◉ When comparing normal kidney function with dialysis, which of
the following mechanisms is not possible in dialysis?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. ultrafiltration
d. active transport Answer: d
◉ What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?
a. an ascending infection by E. coli
b. abnormal immune response, causing inflammation
c. dialysis or other invasive procedure
d. virulent bacteria in the blood Answer: a
◉ Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?
