PENN FOSTER INTRO TO BIOLOGY
PROCTORED TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ stabilizing selection. Answer: Natural selection that favors
intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes
⩥ disruptive selection. Answer: natural selection in which individuals at
the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than
individuals near the middle of the curve
⩥ sexual selection. Answer: A form of natural selection in which
individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than
other individuals to obtain mates.
⩥ Population. Answer: A group of individuals that belong to the same
species and live in the same area
⩥ Microevolution. Answer: evolutionary change within a species or
small group of organisms, especially over a short period.
⩥ gene pool. Answer: Combined genetic information of all the members
of a particular population
,⩥ gene flow. Answer: Movement of alleles into or out of a population
due to the migration of individuals to or from the population
⩥ genetic drift. Answer: A change in the allele frequency of a population
as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
⩥ Species. Answer: A group of similar organisms that can breed and
produce fertile offspring.
⩥ Systematics. Answer: A scientific discipline focused on classifying
organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
⩥ Viruses. Answer: Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein
coat. Noncellular
⩥ Capsid. Answer: Outer protein coat of a virus
⩥ Viroids. Answer: Infectious particles that cause disease in plants.
Naked strands of DNA
⩥ Photoautotrophs. Answer: Organisms that use light as a source of
energy to synthesize organic substances.
⩥ Heterotroph. Answer: An organism that cannot make its own food
, ⩥ Three groups of protists. Answer: Algae, protozoans, slime and water
molds
⩥ alternation of generations. Answer: life cycle that has two alternating
phases—a haploid (N) phase and diploid (2N) phase
⩥ nonvascular plants. Answer: plant that absorbs water and other
substances directly thorugh its cells (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
⩥ vascular plants. Answer: have tissues made of cells that transport
water and nutrients throughout the plant. They have roots, stems, and
leaves
⩥ Seed-bearing vascular plants. Answer: plants with small tubes that
reproduce with seeds. Angiosperms and gymnosperms
⩥ radial symmetry. Answer: body plan in which body parts repeat
around the center of the body
⩥ bilateral symmetry. Answer: the property of being divisible into
symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane.
⩥ invertebrate. Answer: An animal without a backbone
PROCTORED TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ stabilizing selection. Answer: Natural selection that favors
intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes
⩥ disruptive selection. Answer: natural selection in which individuals at
the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than
individuals near the middle of the curve
⩥ sexual selection. Answer: A form of natural selection in which
individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than
other individuals to obtain mates.
⩥ Population. Answer: A group of individuals that belong to the same
species and live in the same area
⩥ Microevolution. Answer: evolutionary change within a species or
small group of organisms, especially over a short period.
⩥ gene pool. Answer: Combined genetic information of all the members
of a particular population
,⩥ gene flow. Answer: Movement of alleles into or out of a population
due to the migration of individuals to or from the population
⩥ genetic drift. Answer: A change in the allele frequency of a population
as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
⩥ Species. Answer: A group of similar organisms that can breed and
produce fertile offspring.
⩥ Systematics. Answer: A scientific discipline focused on classifying
organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships.
⩥ Viruses. Answer: Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein
coat. Noncellular
⩥ Capsid. Answer: Outer protein coat of a virus
⩥ Viroids. Answer: Infectious particles that cause disease in plants.
Naked strands of DNA
⩥ Photoautotrophs. Answer: Organisms that use light as a source of
energy to synthesize organic substances.
⩥ Heterotroph. Answer: An organism that cannot make its own food
, ⩥ Three groups of protists. Answer: Algae, protozoans, slime and water
molds
⩥ alternation of generations. Answer: life cycle that has two alternating
phases—a haploid (N) phase and diploid (2N) phase
⩥ nonvascular plants. Answer: plant that absorbs water and other
substances directly thorugh its cells (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
⩥ vascular plants. Answer: have tissues made of cells that transport
water and nutrients throughout the plant. They have roots, stems, and
leaves
⩥ Seed-bearing vascular plants. Answer: plants with small tubes that
reproduce with seeds. Angiosperms and gymnosperms
⩥ radial symmetry. Answer: body plan in which body parts repeat
around the center of the body
⩥ bilateral symmetry. Answer: the property of being divisible into
symmetrical halves on either side of a unique plane.
⩥ invertebrate. Answer: An animal without a backbone
