CHM 1046 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS

Henry's Law - correct answers Raoul's Law - correct answers Pa= Vapor Pressure of Solution Xa= Mole Fraction of the Solvent Pa^o= Vapor Pressure of pure solvent Mole Fraction - correct answers X= Mole of Reactant/ mole of solution Molality - correct answers Molarity - correct answers % Mass - correct answers % Mass= Mass of component/Total mass x100 ppb - correct answers 1 µg in 1kg/L of solution (micrograms per liter) ppm - correct answers 15ppm = 15 mg in 1 kg/L of solution Osmotic Pressure - correct answers Pie= Osmotic Pressure M= Molarity (concentration) R= Constant T= Temperature (Kelvin + 273) Unique Rate of 2A +3B = 4C + 5D - correct answers -1▲[A]/2▲t Rate Law - correct answers Rate constant: k Reactants: A, B Reactant orders: m , n Units of K for 1st order - correct answers K= sec-1 Units of K for 2nd Order - correct answers K=M-1 Sec-1 Units of K for 0th order - correct answers K= M sec-1 Integrated Rate Law (1st Order) - correct answers Integrated Rate Law (2nd Order) - correct answers Integrated Rate Law (0th Order) - correct answers Half - Life - correct answers is the time it takes for the concentration to drop by half Half - Life Units - correct answers t 1/2 Half - Life (1st Order) - correct answers constant # Half - Life (2nd Order) - correct answers Half - Life (0th Order) - correct answers t1/2 = [A]o/2k Rate - correct answers Rate = k[ ]^m What is in an ICE Chart - correct answers -Initial Concentration -Equilibrium Concentration -Equilibrium Constant Reaction Quotient (Q) - correct answers A(g) + B(g) ↔ 3C(g) + D(g) ▲H= 45 KJ/mole - correct answers ▲ + A(g) + B(g) ↔ 3C(g) + D(g) [A]↑ Forward [B]↓ Reverse [C]↓ Forward [D]↑ Reverse P↓ Forward V↓(p↑) Reverse T↓ Reverse Shelf-Life - correct answers How long it takes for the concentration to drop by 5% Energy of Activation is given in - correct answers KJ/Mole Arrhenius equation - correct answers Arrhenius Equation how to get Ea - correct answers Ea = m • R(Gas Constant) 8.314 J/mole•k What is the unit of the Equilibrium constant(Ka)? - correct answers It has no unit What is in an ICE Chart - correct answers What is in an ICE Chart Arrhenius - correct answers Strong acids [H+] and strong bases [OH-] Bronsted-Lowry - correct answers Acid: Proton Donor (H+) Base: Proton Acceptor NH3 *They have electron pairs or negative charges they can act as bronsted-Lowry Lewis - correct answers Acid: Electron Pair Acceptor *Has an incomplete octet or have transition metals and/or positively charged Base: Electron Pair donor Low Ka - correct answers Weaker Acid Higher Ka - correct answers Stronger Acid pKa is the - correct answers -log of Ka so it is the opposite Group 1 Cation - correct answers are always neutral The more Oxygen a molecule has - correct answers The more Acidic For Hydrolysis of metal ions - correct answers -The bigger the charge + the more acidic -The bigger the size, the more acidic When a common Ion is added to the product - correct answers -Reaction goes reverse -Solubility decreases -% Ionization decreases -% pH increases Henderson-Hasselback - correct answers pH = pka + log Base/Acid *Can only be used with buffer equation Titration curve of strong acid- strong base - correct answers Titration Curve of weak Acid strong Base - correct answers Titration Curve of Strong Acid - weak Base - correct answers When you are asked for solubility of a solid. - correct answers Find X from an ICE Chart Calculate the solubility of CaF2 CaF2 = Ca2+ + 2F- - correct answers Ksp = [Ca2+][F-]^2 Ksp - correct answers Equilibrium constant of Solubility Product Thermodynamics - correct answers 1st Law: Energy is conserved ▲E= Heat (q) + Work (w) 2nd Law: Entropy (s) of the universe is increasing. - Entropy (s) increasing means more disorganized 3rd Law: The entropy (s) of a perfect crystalline substance is zero at 0 Kelvin ▲S 0 - correct answers Entropy increases, Disorder Increases ▲S 0 - correct answers Entropy Decreases, Order Increases H2O (l) → H2O (g) - correct answers ▲S0 Ag+ (aq) + Cl- → Ag Cl(s) - correct answers ▲S0 N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) - correct answers ▲S=0 Calculate the entropy at a phase change - correct answers ▲S(vap) = qREV/T qREV = ▲H(vap)/(fus) at? - correct answers Only at phase change ▲S(vap) never taken in? - correct answers KJ, always taken in J if you need ▲H freezing and you're given ▲Hfusion - correct answers Change the sign of the # given. Calculate the ▲S° for a reaction - correct answers ▲S°rxn = Σmoles(Product) - Σmoles(Reactant) ▲G = Gibbs Free Energy - correct answers ▲G 0 Spontaneous ▲G 0 Non-Spontaneous ▲G=0 @Equilibrium Gibbs Free Energy Theoretical - correct answers Good for ▲H(enthalphy) is - Good for T▲S is positive - -(+) = - Spontaneous at all temp + -(-) = + Non-Spontaneous at all temp ▲H = 10 ▲S = 6 - -(-) = - Spontaneous at low temp + -(+) = - Spontaneous at high temp Cell Potential E°cell = CAT E°cell is the same as EMF - correct answers E°red,cathode - E°red,Anode = +(Spontaneous) What is the purpose of the salt bridge in a voltaic cell? - corr