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1. GROUP PROCESS
2. Teaching Points Group -Analyze group process, group dynamics and development of group task
Process roles
-Examine the differences between the stages of group development
3. What to expect from -chaos/people talking over each other could happen
group therapy? -most of the time: organized conversation about personal issues, sharing
personal experiences, supporting each other
-every experience is different
4. What is a group? A collection of individuals whose association is founded on shared in-
terests, values, norms, or purpose. Membership in a group is generally
by chance (born into the group), by choice (voluntary affiliation), or by
circumstance (the result of life -cycle events over which an individual may
or may not have control.) Townsend, p. 183
5. Functions of groups Socialization (culture) - usually cultural group you are born into, teaches
(TINS SEG) social norms, continues throughout our lives as we interact with other
members of different groups
Support (fellow group members provide security) - ex. in times of need
faculty is there to support you along with family, friends, etc. that is a
group!
Task Completion (Many minds are better than one) - group members
provide assistance in endeavors that are beyond the capability of one
person, that way it can be achieved more efficiently as a team ex. clinical
we all work together
Camaraderie (shared common interests) - brings joy and pleasure to
things, things that make you feel good/safe
Information Sharing (Learning from others' experiences)
Normative Influence - People learn from each other how to communicate
and behave - as group members interact we begin to influence each
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other with expected norms and behaviors
Empowerment- power in numbers - groups help bring out improvement
in existing conditions by providing support to individual members who
seek to make out change, groups have power that an individual does not
have alone
Governance- groups are formed to make rules of the larger organization
- ex. college has councils that report to the dean who reports to board etc.
groups that provide oversight and function of activities often in context
of larger organizations
6. Types of groups -Task Groups
-Teaching Groups
-Supportive-Therapeutic Groups
-Self-Help Groups
7. Task group the goal is to accomplish a specific outcome or task
-focus on solving problems and how we are going to achieve outcome,
often there is a deadline associated with the task
-importance placed on satisfactory outcome that conflict in the group can
be smoothed over to focus on priority at hand
8. Teaching groups these groups are designed to convey knowledge and information to a
number of individuals
-lots of types of teaching in nursing, ex. medication education, orienta-
tion, annual renewal trainings, childbirth education, etc.
-usually set time frame and set number of meetings to accomplish
teaching
-objective is for person to demonstrate and verbalize the material by the
end of the teaching period
9. Supportive therapeutic the goal is to prevent future upsets by teaching participants effective ways
groups of dealing with emotional stress arising from situational or developmen-
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tal crises
-mostly the types of groups you will see on 3-6 in psych
10. Therapeutic Groups vs. Therapeutic Groups:
Group Therapy Are NOT designed to conduct psychotherapy
Focus on group relations, interaction among group members, address
a specific issue.
Leaders must be knowledgeable in group process and are referred to
as group facilitators.
Group Therapy:
Conduct group psychotherapy based on various theoretical
frameworks such as psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, interpersonal and
family dynamics.
Leaders have advanced degrees in psychology, social work, nursing or
medicine and additional expertise in the various theoretical frameworks.
-seen in inpatient psych a lot
11. Self help groups The goal is to allow members to share their fears with people who have
similar feelings and experiences. Helps people to know they are not
alone.
Examples: Weight Watchers, AA, Overeaters Anonymous
12. Physical conditions af- -Seating ex. the classroom we are in 70 is a lot! not optimal - group
fecting group dynam- therapy is usually sat in a circle, and you should sit in different chairs for
ics each meeting, open seating relieves anxiety
-Size of Group larger the group less time for each individual, aggressive
individuals more likely to be heard and quiet may not be heard at all,
BUT larger groups allwos more opportunity for individuals to learn more
about others and can learn from their experiences and is better for group
problem solving
-Membership - open or closed? Open-ended or close ended?
-open: groups that can come and go, can join anytime, group is active,
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typically inpatient, can be used outpatient in long term facilities but
usually short term inpatient ex. AA
-closed: pre selected time frame, members join at same time, member-
ship is ended at designated time, usually common issues that want to
be addressed, ex. 12 week session about social anxiety, everyone joins
at same times and ends at same time
13. Therapeutic support -two facilitators that are trained facilitate the support group to make sure
group example everyone benefits
-support positive environment for everyone to heal
-use proactive approach to acknowledge feelings and learn from peers
to support each other
-learn coping skills from others
-getting feedback from others can be helpful
14. Group member roles Aggressor: Expresses negativism and hostility toward other members;
may use sarcasm
Seducer: Shares intimate details about self with the group
Monopolizer: Maintains control of the group by dominating the conver-
sation
Blocker: Resists group efforts, impedes group progress
Dominator: manipulates others to gain control
Mute or Silent Member: Does not participate verbally; remains silent for
a variety of reasons
15. Yalom's Curative Fac- 1. Instillation of hope - seeing successful people who have overcome sit-
tors Why are therapeu- uations similar to one's own. ex. new to AA seeing people who succeeded
tic groups helpful? (11) can help them feel better
2. Universality - Individuals come to realize they are not alone and that
they don't have to go through things alone. common bond
3. Imparting of Information - knowledge is gained through formal
instruction AND through the sharing of advice and experiences.
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