NURS 617 Final Exam – Questions With A+ Solutions
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Terms in this set (132)
Pharmacodynamics of calcium The pharmacodynamics of the calcium supplements
supplements in treatment of are simply the physiologic functions of the calcium
osteoporosis ion in the body
Calcium supplements act Bisphosphonates
synergistically with all the other
osteoporosis drugs except ??
Disadvantages of the Calcium - Lack of efficacy as monotherapy
Supplements in Osteoporosis - Can cause constipation and gaseous distension
- Some formulations have a poor taste, which may
discourage patient compliance
- Usually requires vitamin D additive for efficacy
Which calcium supplement causes the Calcium Carbonate
most constipation and gaseous
distention
Pharmacodynamics of estrogen in estrogen interacts with receptors on two types of
regards to treatment of osteoporosis bone cells. It interacts primarily with osteoclast cells
that are the bone dissolving so their activity is
inhibited and bone destruction is slowed. Thus, it is an
anti-resorptive agent. In addition, estrogen also
interacts with osteoblast (or bone-forming) cells and
stimulates their activity to create new bone
formation.
,Advantages of using estrogen to treat - Can be used prophylactically and therapeutically
osteoporosis - Estrogens directly correct the pathophysiology of
osteoporosis; they reverse the estrogen deficiency
that is responsible for the condition
- Has multiple other benefits for the estrogen-
deficient woman; amelioration of menopausal
symptoms, beneficial effects on lipids (increases HDL
and slightly decreases LDL), cosmetic benefit, etc.
- Acts synergistically with the other treatments for
osteoporosis; potentiative pharmacodynamic drug-
drug interactions with calcium supplements and
bisphosphonates
Disadvantages of using estrogen to - Should be administered within 5 years of the onset
treat osteoporosis of menopause
- Increased risk of endometrial cancer if not
coadministered with progesterone
- Can cause resumption of "menstrual bleeding"; this
can occur in those women (with a uterus) who have
previously stopped having periods
- There is an increased risk of breast cancer
- Increased risk of thromboembolism, stroke, M.I.
Pharmacodynamics of selective It acts as an estrogen antagonist on estrogen's
estrogen receptor modulator receptors in breast and endometrial tissues but it
(raloxifene) in the treatment of acts as an agonist on estrogen receptors in bone and
osteoporosis liver cells. By being an estrogen agonist in bone
tissues, it can inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulate
osteoblast activity. This results in reversal in the
osteoporotic process.
Advantage of using SERM over Reduces risk of breast cancer
estrogen No increased risk of endometrial cancer; does not
require concurrent progesterone therapy in women
with an intact uterus
, Pharmacodynamics of calcitonin in Calcitonin is a natural hormone which regulates the
treatment of osteoporosis serum levels of calcium and phosphorous by
inhibiting bone osteoclast activity and also by
blocking renal reabsorption of calcium. With
continued use, the number of osteoclast cells are
actually reduced.
Advantages of calcitonin use in - Available as a nasal spray; this route is generally
osteoporosis preferred to the subcutaneous injection and is an
inducement to better compliance
- Can be effective both prophylactically and
therapeutically
- Once-a-day dosing
- Minimal adverse effects
- May have analgesic effect for some patients with
compression fractures
- Rapid onset of action; begins to inhibit osteoclast
activity within 30 minutes
What test needs to be performed Skin test due to risk of allergic reaction
before use of parenteral calcitonin
Pharmacodynamics of The structure of bisphosphonates resembles the
Bisphosphonates in treatment of phosphate compounds in bone that add strength to
osteoporosis bone. The drug becomes deposited into the
structure of bone and is probably ingested by
osteoclasts in the same way that the osteoclasts
normally digest bone. The drugs inhibit osteoclast
activity and therefore cause a decrease in bone
resorption. The overall result is improvement in bone
mass density.
Advantages of using bisphosphonates - Effective with once weekly dosing (Fosamax and
for the treatment of osteoporosis Actonel) or once-a-month dosing (Boniva)
- Available orally and intravenously (Boniva)
- Can be effective both prophylactically and
therapeutically
- Can be effective in women who cannot take
estrogen
Save Groups
Terms in this set (132)
Pharmacodynamics of calcium The pharmacodynamics of the calcium supplements
supplements in treatment of are simply the physiologic functions of the calcium
osteoporosis ion in the body
Calcium supplements act Bisphosphonates
synergistically with all the other
osteoporosis drugs except ??
Disadvantages of the Calcium - Lack of efficacy as monotherapy
Supplements in Osteoporosis - Can cause constipation and gaseous distension
- Some formulations have a poor taste, which may
discourage patient compliance
- Usually requires vitamin D additive for efficacy
Which calcium supplement causes the Calcium Carbonate
most constipation and gaseous
distention
Pharmacodynamics of estrogen in estrogen interacts with receptors on two types of
regards to treatment of osteoporosis bone cells. It interacts primarily with osteoclast cells
that are the bone dissolving so their activity is
inhibited and bone destruction is slowed. Thus, it is an
anti-resorptive agent. In addition, estrogen also
interacts with osteoblast (or bone-forming) cells and
stimulates their activity to create new bone
formation.
,Advantages of using estrogen to treat - Can be used prophylactically and therapeutically
osteoporosis - Estrogens directly correct the pathophysiology of
osteoporosis; they reverse the estrogen deficiency
that is responsible for the condition
- Has multiple other benefits for the estrogen-
deficient woman; amelioration of menopausal
symptoms, beneficial effects on lipids (increases HDL
and slightly decreases LDL), cosmetic benefit, etc.
- Acts synergistically with the other treatments for
osteoporosis; potentiative pharmacodynamic drug-
drug interactions with calcium supplements and
bisphosphonates
Disadvantages of using estrogen to - Should be administered within 5 years of the onset
treat osteoporosis of menopause
- Increased risk of endometrial cancer if not
coadministered with progesterone
- Can cause resumption of "menstrual bleeding"; this
can occur in those women (with a uterus) who have
previously stopped having periods
- There is an increased risk of breast cancer
- Increased risk of thromboembolism, stroke, M.I.
Pharmacodynamics of selective It acts as an estrogen antagonist on estrogen's
estrogen receptor modulator receptors in breast and endometrial tissues but it
(raloxifene) in the treatment of acts as an agonist on estrogen receptors in bone and
osteoporosis liver cells. By being an estrogen agonist in bone
tissues, it can inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulate
osteoblast activity. This results in reversal in the
osteoporotic process.
Advantage of using SERM over Reduces risk of breast cancer
estrogen No increased risk of endometrial cancer; does not
require concurrent progesterone therapy in women
with an intact uterus
, Pharmacodynamics of calcitonin in Calcitonin is a natural hormone which regulates the
treatment of osteoporosis serum levels of calcium and phosphorous by
inhibiting bone osteoclast activity and also by
blocking renal reabsorption of calcium. With
continued use, the number of osteoclast cells are
actually reduced.
Advantages of calcitonin use in - Available as a nasal spray; this route is generally
osteoporosis preferred to the subcutaneous injection and is an
inducement to better compliance
- Can be effective both prophylactically and
therapeutically
- Once-a-day dosing
- Minimal adverse effects
- May have analgesic effect for some patients with
compression fractures
- Rapid onset of action; begins to inhibit osteoclast
activity within 30 minutes
What test needs to be performed Skin test due to risk of allergic reaction
before use of parenteral calcitonin
Pharmacodynamics of The structure of bisphosphonates resembles the
Bisphosphonates in treatment of phosphate compounds in bone that add strength to
osteoporosis bone. The drug becomes deposited into the
structure of bone and is probably ingested by
osteoclasts in the same way that the osteoclasts
normally digest bone. The drugs inhibit osteoclast
activity and therefore cause a decrease in bone
resorption. The overall result is improvement in bone
mass density.
Advantages of using bisphosphonates - Effective with once weekly dosing (Fosamax and
for the treatment of osteoporosis Actonel) or once-a-month dosing (Boniva)
- Available orally and intravenously (Boniva)
- Can be effective both prophylactically and
therapeutically
- Can be effective in women who cannot take
estrogen
