TAMU NURS 617 Unit 1-3 Study Guide: Questions
With Indepth Solutions
Save Groups
Practice questions for this set
Learn 1 /7 Study using Learn
Manifestations: Severe ID, rocker-bottom feet, clenched fists, micrognathia,
congenital heart defects; high infant mortality.
Choose an answer
1 Nucleus 2 Cytoskeleton
3 Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) 4 Ribosomes
Don't know?
Terms in this set (168)
Nucleus Double-membrane organelle housing DNA; controls
gene expression and cell division; nucleoplasm
contains chromatin.
Nucleolus Dense nuclear subdomain; rRNA
transcription/processing and ribosomal subunit
assembly.
,Nuclear membrane (envelope) Two lipid bilayers with nuclear pores; outer
membrane continuous with RER; regulates nucleo-
cytoplasmic trafficking.
Cytoplasm Aqueous cytosol + organelles; site of intermediary
metabolism, protein synthesis (free ribosomes), and
cytoskeletal architecture.
Ribosomes rRNA-protein complexes; free (cytosolic proteins) vs.
RER-bound (secreted, membrane, or organelle
proteins).
Mitochondria Double membrane; inner membrane cristae host
ETC/oxidative phosphorylation; own DNA; ATP
production, apoptosis signaling, Ca²⁺ buffering.
Cell (plasma) membrane Phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, proteins, and
carbohydrates; selective barrier, signaling, cell
recognition/adhesion.
Rough ER Studded with ribosomes; co-translational insertion,
folding, initial glycosylation of secretory/membrane
proteins.
Smooth ER Lipid and steroid synthesis; detoxification (CYPs);
Ca²⁺ storage (esp. in muscle—sarcoplasmic
reticulum).
Golgi apparatus Cisterna stacks; post-translational modification
(glycosylation, sulfation), sorting, and packaging into
vesicles/lysosomes.
Lysosomes Acidic, hydrolase-rich vesicles; autophagy and
heterophagy; degrade macromolecules.
Peroxisomes Oxidases/catalase; β-oxidation of very-long-chain
fatty acids; detoxify H₂O₂; plasmalogen synthesis.
, Cytoskeleton Microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments (e.g.,
keratins), microtubules (tubulin); cell shape, transport,
division, motility.
Microtubules Hollow tubulin polymers; originate from centrosome;
tracks for kinesin/dynein; mitotic spindle; cilia/flagella
axoneme.
Cell membrane Asymmetric phospholipid bilayer + cholesterol; fluid
mosaic; receptors, channels, transporters; barrier &
signaling.
Nuclear membrane Double bilayer with pores and lamina; high selectivity
for RNA/protein traffic; mechanical support to
nucleus.
ER membrane Continuous network; RER integrates nascent
proteins; SER houses lipid enzymes and Ca²⁺ pumps.
Mitochondrial membranes Outer (porins, freely permeable to small solutes) vs.
inner (cardiolipin-rich, highly selective, ETC
complexes, ATP synthase).
Lysosomal membrane Proton pumps (V-ATPase) to maintain pH ~5;
glycosylated proteins protect from autodigestion;
transporters recycle monomers.
Golgi membranes Distinct cis→medial→trans enzyme zoning; vesicle
budding/fusion machinery for targeted trafficking.
Lipids Phospholipids create hydrophobic barrier;
cholesterol modulates fluidity & raft formation;
glycolipids in outer leaflet for recognition.
Integral proteins Span bilayer: channels, pumps (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase),
receptors (GPCRs, RTKs), adhesion molecules.
With Indepth Solutions
Save Groups
Practice questions for this set
Learn 1 /7 Study using Learn
Manifestations: Severe ID, rocker-bottom feet, clenched fists, micrognathia,
congenital heart defects; high infant mortality.
Choose an answer
1 Nucleus 2 Cytoskeleton
3 Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) 4 Ribosomes
Don't know?
Terms in this set (168)
Nucleus Double-membrane organelle housing DNA; controls
gene expression and cell division; nucleoplasm
contains chromatin.
Nucleolus Dense nuclear subdomain; rRNA
transcription/processing and ribosomal subunit
assembly.
,Nuclear membrane (envelope) Two lipid bilayers with nuclear pores; outer
membrane continuous with RER; regulates nucleo-
cytoplasmic trafficking.
Cytoplasm Aqueous cytosol + organelles; site of intermediary
metabolism, protein synthesis (free ribosomes), and
cytoskeletal architecture.
Ribosomes rRNA-protein complexes; free (cytosolic proteins) vs.
RER-bound (secreted, membrane, or organelle
proteins).
Mitochondria Double membrane; inner membrane cristae host
ETC/oxidative phosphorylation; own DNA; ATP
production, apoptosis signaling, Ca²⁺ buffering.
Cell (plasma) membrane Phospholipid bilayer with cholesterol, proteins, and
carbohydrates; selective barrier, signaling, cell
recognition/adhesion.
Rough ER Studded with ribosomes; co-translational insertion,
folding, initial glycosylation of secretory/membrane
proteins.
Smooth ER Lipid and steroid synthesis; detoxification (CYPs);
Ca²⁺ storage (esp. in muscle—sarcoplasmic
reticulum).
Golgi apparatus Cisterna stacks; post-translational modification
(glycosylation, sulfation), sorting, and packaging into
vesicles/lysosomes.
Lysosomes Acidic, hydrolase-rich vesicles; autophagy and
heterophagy; degrade macromolecules.
Peroxisomes Oxidases/catalase; β-oxidation of very-long-chain
fatty acids; detoxify H₂O₂; plasmalogen synthesis.
, Cytoskeleton Microfilaments (actin), intermediate filaments (e.g.,
keratins), microtubules (tubulin); cell shape, transport,
division, motility.
Microtubules Hollow tubulin polymers; originate from centrosome;
tracks for kinesin/dynein; mitotic spindle; cilia/flagella
axoneme.
Cell membrane Asymmetric phospholipid bilayer + cholesterol; fluid
mosaic; receptors, channels, transporters; barrier &
signaling.
Nuclear membrane Double bilayer with pores and lamina; high selectivity
for RNA/protein traffic; mechanical support to
nucleus.
ER membrane Continuous network; RER integrates nascent
proteins; SER houses lipid enzymes and Ca²⁺ pumps.
Mitochondrial membranes Outer (porins, freely permeable to small solutes) vs.
inner (cardiolipin-rich, highly selective, ETC
complexes, ATP synthase).
Lysosomal membrane Proton pumps (V-ATPase) to maintain pH ~5;
glycosylated proteins protect from autodigestion;
transporters recycle monomers.
Golgi membranes Distinct cis→medial→trans enzyme zoning; vesicle
budding/fusion machinery for targeted trafficking.
Lipids Phospholipids create hydrophobic barrier;
cholesterol modulates fluidity & raft formation;
glycolipids in outer leaflet for recognition.
Integral proteins Span bilayer: channels, pumps (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase),
receptors (GPCRs, RTKs), adhesion molecules.
