NURS 617 Exam 1 – Questions With Verified
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Terms in this set (113)
A direct result of anaerobic b. metabolic acidosis
metabolism during hypoxic cell injury
is: Rationale: When oxygen is not available, cells switch
to anaerobic metabolism, which yields an acid called
a. increased ATP lactate, or lactic acid.
b. metabolic acidosis
c. tissue ischemia
d. all of the above.
Accumulation of which of the a. Calcium
following molecules results in
irreversible cell injury? Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes
irreversible mitochondrial injury.
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
Adaptive cellular mechanisms d.protect cells from injury.
function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
,An individual with damage to the a. Skeletal muscles
spinal cord may experience atrophy Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal
of which of the following organs? muscles results in muscle atrophy.
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
Chronic infection of the cervix by the c. dysplasia.
human papillomavirus results in Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a
cervical: common cause of cervical dysplasia.)
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
which of the following mechanisms?
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid
a. Cellular dehydration accumulation in hepatocytes that decreases liver
b. Intracellular sodium loss function and may result in liver cirrhosis.
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth c. tissue loss.
factors stimulate cell division in
response to: Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding
cells are stimulated to replace the lost tissue.
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
,In response to an increased workload, b. hypertrophy.
such as that caused by high blood
pressure (hypertension), myocardial Rationale: In response to the increased workload of
cells in the left ventricle will adapt hypertension, myocardial cells will hypertrophy in
through the process of: order to pump harder.
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
due to hypoxic injury results in:
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary site for protein
a. sodium accumulation. synthesis. Hypoxic injury and cellular swelling result
b. a decrease in protein synthesis. in dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,
c. the release of enzymes. causing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the site for
d. lactic acid production. protein synthesis results in decreased protein
production.
Lead poisoning affects nervous b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
system function by which of the
following mechanisms?
a. Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the
brain by binding with hemoglobin.
b. Lead interferes with
neurotransmitter release.
c. Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in
the brainstem.
d. Lead causes nervous tissue
necrosis.
Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic a. autodigestion of cells.
injury leads to:
Rationale: Lysosomal enzyme release during hypoxic
a. autodigestion of cells. injury causes autodigestion of cells.
b. cellular acidosis.
c. sodium influx.
d. cellular adaptation
, Metaplasia involves the replacement d.another type of cell.
of normal cells by:
Rationale: Metaplasia is the replacement of normal
a. cancer cells. cells by another type of cell.
b. scar tissue.
c. abnormal cells of the same tissue
type.
d. another type of cell.
Other than the liver, which of the d. Brain
following organs is most frequently
affected by ethanol injury? Rationale: Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver
and the brain.
a. Kidneys
b. Heart
c. Stomach
d. Brain
The major mechanism of injury in a. hypoxemia.
drowning is:
a. hypoxemia.
b. absorption of fluid from the lungs.
c. electrolyte imbalances.
d. free radical injury.
The most common cause of hypoxic d. ischemia.
injury is:
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a lack of
a. chemical toxicity. oxygen. The most common cause of this type of cell
b. free radicals. injury is ischemia, a decrease in blood flow to the
c. malnutrition. tissue.
d. ischemia.
Solutions
Save Groups
Terms in this set (113)
A direct result of anaerobic b. metabolic acidosis
metabolism during hypoxic cell injury
is: Rationale: When oxygen is not available, cells switch
to anaerobic metabolism, which yields an acid called
a. increased ATP lactate, or lactic acid.
b. metabolic acidosis
c. tissue ischemia
d. all of the above.
Accumulation of which of the a. Calcium
following molecules results in
irreversible cell injury? Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes
irreversible mitochondrial injury.
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
Adaptive cellular mechanisms d.protect cells from injury.
function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
,An individual with damage to the a. Skeletal muscles
spinal cord may experience atrophy Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal
of which of the following organs? muscles results in muscle atrophy.
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
Chronic infection of the cervix by the c. dysplasia.
human papillomavirus results in Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a
cervical: common cause of cervical dysplasia.)
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
which of the following mechanisms?
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid
a. Cellular dehydration accumulation in hepatocytes that decreases liver
b. Intracellular sodium loss function and may result in liver cirrhosis.
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
In compensatory hyperplasia, growth c. tissue loss.
factors stimulate cell division in
response to: Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding
cells are stimulated to replace the lost tissue.
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
,In response to an increased workload, b. hypertrophy.
such as that caused by high blood
pressure (hypertension), myocardial Rationale: In response to the increased workload of
cells in the left ventricle will adapt hypertension, myocardial cells will hypertrophy in
through the process of: order to pump harder.
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
due to hypoxic injury results in:
Rationale: Ribosomes are the primary site for protein
a. sodium accumulation. synthesis. Hypoxic injury and cellular swelling result
b. a decrease in protein synthesis. in dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum,
c. the release of enzymes. causing the ribosomes to detach. Loss of the site for
d. lactic acid production. protein synthesis results in decreased protein
production.
Lead poisoning affects nervous b. Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
system function by which of the
following mechanisms?
a. Lead blocks oxygen delivery to the
brain by binding with hemoglobin.
b. Lead interferes with
neurotransmitter release.
c. Lead inhibits fatty acid oxidation in
the brainstem.
d. Lead causes nervous tissue
necrosis.
Lysosomal rupture during hypoxic a. autodigestion of cells.
injury leads to:
Rationale: Lysosomal enzyme release during hypoxic
a. autodigestion of cells. injury causes autodigestion of cells.
b. cellular acidosis.
c. sodium influx.
d. cellular adaptation
, Metaplasia involves the replacement d.another type of cell.
of normal cells by:
Rationale: Metaplasia is the replacement of normal
a. cancer cells. cells by another type of cell.
b. scar tissue.
c. abnormal cells of the same tissue
type.
d. another type of cell.
Other than the liver, which of the d. Brain
following organs is most frequently
affected by ethanol injury? Rationale: Alcohol directly affects the cells in the liver
and the brain.
a. Kidneys
b. Heart
c. Stomach
d. Brain
The major mechanism of injury in a. hypoxemia.
drowning is:
a. hypoxemia.
b. absorption of fluid from the lungs.
c. electrolyte imbalances.
d. free radical injury.
The most common cause of hypoxic d. ischemia.
injury is:
Rationale: Hypoxic injury results from a lack of
a. chemical toxicity. oxygen. The most common cause of this type of cell
b. free radicals. injury is ischemia, a decrease in blood flow to the
c. malnutrition. tissue.
d. ischemia.
