CITI TRAINING TRAINING STUDY SHEET
2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉Which of the following constitutes both a breach of confidentiality
(the research data have been disclosed, counter to the agreement
between researcher and subjects) and a violation of subjects'
privacy (the right of the individuals to be protected against intrusion
into their personal lives or affairs)? Answer: A faculty member
makes identifiable data about sexual behavior available to graduate
students, although the subjects were assured that the data would be
de-identified.
◉A researcher wants to observe preschoolers at a local public
playground to evaluate levels of cooperation. The researcher will not
interact with the children or record information in such a manner
that the identity of the subjects can be readily ascertained. Which of
the following statements is true? Answer: This research would be
eligible for exemption because the researcher is not interacting with
the children and the playground is a public setting.
◉According to Subpart D, research with children may be eligible for
exemption under Category 2 when: Answer: The research involves
the use of educational tests
,◉A study that involves interviews of adults is eligible for expedited
review. The researcher wants to add an adolescent population (aged
12 to 17) to the study and has designed a parental permission and
assent process. No additional changes are planned. Which of the
following statements about review of the revised protocol is
accurate? Answer: Unless the nature of the questions would raise
the level of risk to more than minimal for adolescents, the research
would still qualify for expedited review.
◉A researcher asks an IRB to waive the requirement for parental
permission for a study conducted in schools because the nature of
the research requires participation of all the children present in
classrooms on the day the research will take place. Assuming that
the basic research design could be approved by the IRB and the
school, which of the following requirements must be met before an
IRB could waive parental permission? Answer: The research must
pose no more than minimal risk.
◉Which of the following statements most accurately describes the
requirement for the documentation of minors' assent to participate
in research? Answer: Federal regulations do not require the
documentation of minors' assent.
◉Which of the following methods could be considered a "best
practice" in terms of informing respondents how their answers to an
on-line survey about personal information will be protected?
Answer: The investigator uses the informed consent process to
, explain how respondent data will be transmitted from the website to
his encrypted database without ever recording respondents' IP
addresses, but explains that on the internet confidentiality cannot be
absolutely guaranteed.
◉Consent to participate in research is an ongoing process. Which of
the following strategies would help ensure that participation in a
survey about a sensitive personal topic remains voluntary
throughout a study? Answer: Designing the survey so that subjects
are not forced to answer one question before going to the next.
◉Which of the following on-line research strategies raises the most
concerns regarding the ethical principle of respecting the autonomy
of research subjects and the corresponding federal regulations
requiring informed consent? Answer: A researcher proposes to join
a moderated support group for cancer survivors posing as a
survivor. She plans to insert comments to see how the members
respond.
◉To minimize potential risks of harm, a researcher conducting an
on-line survey can: Answer: Design the survey so that no direct or
indirect identifiers are collected.
◉The internet can be used as a research tool or as the object of a
study. Which of the following examples best describes an
investigator using the internet as a research tool? Answer: An
2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉Which of the following constitutes both a breach of confidentiality
(the research data have been disclosed, counter to the agreement
between researcher and subjects) and a violation of subjects'
privacy (the right of the individuals to be protected against intrusion
into their personal lives or affairs)? Answer: A faculty member
makes identifiable data about sexual behavior available to graduate
students, although the subjects were assured that the data would be
de-identified.
◉A researcher wants to observe preschoolers at a local public
playground to evaluate levels of cooperation. The researcher will not
interact with the children or record information in such a manner
that the identity of the subjects can be readily ascertained. Which of
the following statements is true? Answer: This research would be
eligible for exemption because the researcher is not interacting with
the children and the playground is a public setting.
◉According to Subpart D, research with children may be eligible for
exemption under Category 2 when: Answer: The research involves
the use of educational tests
,◉A study that involves interviews of adults is eligible for expedited
review. The researcher wants to add an adolescent population (aged
12 to 17) to the study and has designed a parental permission and
assent process. No additional changes are planned. Which of the
following statements about review of the revised protocol is
accurate? Answer: Unless the nature of the questions would raise
the level of risk to more than minimal for adolescents, the research
would still qualify for expedited review.
◉A researcher asks an IRB to waive the requirement for parental
permission for a study conducted in schools because the nature of
the research requires participation of all the children present in
classrooms on the day the research will take place. Assuming that
the basic research design could be approved by the IRB and the
school, which of the following requirements must be met before an
IRB could waive parental permission? Answer: The research must
pose no more than minimal risk.
◉Which of the following statements most accurately describes the
requirement for the documentation of minors' assent to participate
in research? Answer: Federal regulations do not require the
documentation of minors' assent.
◉Which of the following methods could be considered a "best
practice" in terms of informing respondents how their answers to an
on-line survey about personal information will be protected?
Answer: The investigator uses the informed consent process to
, explain how respondent data will be transmitted from the website to
his encrypted database without ever recording respondents' IP
addresses, but explains that on the internet confidentiality cannot be
absolutely guaranteed.
◉Consent to participate in research is an ongoing process. Which of
the following strategies would help ensure that participation in a
survey about a sensitive personal topic remains voluntary
throughout a study? Answer: Designing the survey so that subjects
are not forced to answer one question before going to the next.
◉Which of the following on-line research strategies raises the most
concerns regarding the ethical principle of respecting the autonomy
of research subjects and the corresponding federal regulations
requiring informed consent? Answer: A researcher proposes to join
a moderated support group for cancer survivors posing as a
survivor. She plans to insert comments to see how the members
respond.
◉To minimize potential risks of harm, a researcher conducting an
on-line survey can: Answer: Design the survey so that no direct or
indirect identifiers are collected.
◉The internet can be used as a research tool or as the object of a
study. Which of the following examples best describes an
investigator using the internet as a research tool? Answer: An
