PSYCHOLOGY PSYC 515 RESEARCH METHODS
AND STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGY II FULL
SOLUTION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ guttman scalogram Answer: ordinal sorting
two factors, categorization and rank ordering, allows simultaneous
scaling of people and stimuli
◉ more often than not, we are using an ordinal scale from strongly
agree to strongly agree and... Answer: assuming it is an interval
measurement
◉ level of measurement of our data dictates... Answer: how we
analyze it
◉ we can scale Answer: subjects, stimuli, or responses
◉ but most of the time we are interested in scaling Answer: subjects
(ID) through psychometrics
◉ domain sampling Answer: aka content oreinted
,define a construct/domain, then write or select items to measure the
domain
◉ rational test development Answer: top down test development
◉ empirical test development Answer: bottom down
take many items and see which measure something
◉ test specifications Answer: the series of decisions a test
development must make prior to item writing
◉ test specifications include Answer: definition of the construct
domain
item format
response scale
test length
desired difficulty of the measure
◉ step 1 Answer: specifying the type of measure (maximal or
typical)
◉ maximal performance measures examples Answer: aptitude and
achievement tests
,classroom exams
personnel selection tests
◉ typical performance measures examples Answer: personality
measures
interest inventories
◉ step 2 Answer: defining the test domain; defining what the
construct is in as much detail as you can (most important step)
◉ questions for defining the test domain Answer: in what context
will the test operate (frame of reference tags), how is the construct
different/similar from related constructs, what dimensionality is
expected (uni or multidimensional), are the dimensions weighted
equally (use factor analysis)
◉ step 3 Answer: open ended or closed ended response items?
harder to create multiple choice (need expertise), harder to score
open ended
◉ step 4 Answer: item format
◉ item format-if items are open ended Answer: will items be
written? oral in person? oral over the phone?
, ◉ item format-if items are closed ended Answer: will items be
matching? multiple choice? T/F, etc.
how many response options?
what scale anchors will be used?
◉ step 5 Answer: administration (individual or group test
administration
◉ step 6 Answer: test length
◉ test length questions Answer: how many items are needed in the
initial steps of developing (some will be eliminated), how many
items are desired for final version of the test
◉ advantages of longer tests Answer: higher reliability
◉ disadvantages of longer tests Answer: fatigue for test takers
◉ step 7 Answer: test difficulty (think about the range of abilities of
test takers and appropriate level of difficulty)
◉ item content Answer: cognitive, affective, and behavioral level
AND STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGY II FULL
SOLUTION 2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ guttman scalogram Answer: ordinal sorting
two factors, categorization and rank ordering, allows simultaneous
scaling of people and stimuli
◉ more often than not, we are using an ordinal scale from strongly
agree to strongly agree and... Answer: assuming it is an interval
measurement
◉ level of measurement of our data dictates... Answer: how we
analyze it
◉ we can scale Answer: subjects, stimuli, or responses
◉ but most of the time we are interested in scaling Answer: subjects
(ID) through psychometrics
◉ domain sampling Answer: aka content oreinted
,define a construct/domain, then write or select items to measure the
domain
◉ rational test development Answer: top down test development
◉ empirical test development Answer: bottom down
take many items and see which measure something
◉ test specifications Answer: the series of decisions a test
development must make prior to item writing
◉ test specifications include Answer: definition of the construct
domain
item format
response scale
test length
desired difficulty of the measure
◉ step 1 Answer: specifying the type of measure (maximal or
typical)
◉ maximal performance measures examples Answer: aptitude and
achievement tests
,classroom exams
personnel selection tests
◉ typical performance measures examples Answer: personality
measures
interest inventories
◉ step 2 Answer: defining the test domain; defining what the
construct is in as much detail as you can (most important step)
◉ questions for defining the test domain Answer: in what context
will the test operate (frame of reference tags), how is the construct
different/similar from related constructs, what dimensionality is
expected (uni or multidimensional), are the dimensions weighted
equally (use factor analysis)
◉ step 3 Answer: open ended or closed ended response items?
harder to create multiple choice (need expertise), harder to score
open ended
◉ step 4 Answer: item format
◉ item format-if items are open ended Answer: will items be
written? oral in person? oral over the phone?
, ◉ item format-if items are closed ended Answer: will items be
matching? multiple choice? T/F, etc.
how many response options?
what scale anchors will be used?
◉ step 5 Answer: administration (individual or group test
administration
◉ step 6 Answer: test length
◉ test length questions Answer: how many items are needed in the
initial steps of developing (some will be eliminated), how many
items are desired for final version of the test
◉ advantages of longer tests Answer: higher reliability
◉ disadvantages of longer tests Answer: fatigue for test takers
◉ step 7 Answer: test difficulty (think about the range of abilities of
test takers and appropriate level of difficulty)
◉ item content Answer: cognitive, affective, and behavioral level
