SOCIOLOGY 101 UPDATED EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔variable - ✔✔a characteristic that can change in value or magnitude under different
conditions.
✔✔counterculture - ✔✔a group or category of people who deliberately oppose and
consciously reject some of the basic beliefs, values, and norms of the dominant culture.
✔✔cultural imperialism - ✔✔the influence or domination of the cultural values and
products of one society over those of another.
✔✔cultural integration - ✔✔the consistency of various aspects of society, which
promotes order and stability.
✔✔cultural lag - ✔✔the gap when nonmaterial culture changes more slowly than
material culture
✔✔cultural relativism - ✔✔the recognition that no culture is better than another and that
a culture should be judged by its own standards
✔✔cultural universals - ✔✔customs and practices that are common to all societies
✔✔culture - ✔✔the learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and
material objects that characterize a particular group or society
✔✔culture shock - ✔✔a sense of confusion, uncertainty, disorientation, or anxiety that
accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life or environment.
✔✔ethnocentrism - ✔✔the belief that one's culture and way of life are superior to those
of other groups
✔✔Folkways - ✔✔norms that members of a society (or a group within a society) look
upon as not being critical and that may be broken without severe punishment
✔✔ideal culture - ✔✔the beliefs, values, and norms that people in a society say they
hold or follow
✔✔language - ✔✔a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate
with one another
✔✔laws - ✔✔formal rules about behavior that are defined by a political authority that
has the power to punish violators
, ✔✔mass media - ✔✔forms of communication designed to reach large numbers of
people
✔✔material culture - ✔✔the tangible objects that members of a society make, use, and
share.
✔✔mores - ✔✔norms that members of a society consider very important because they
maintain moral and ethical behavior
✔✔multiculturalism - ✔✔(cultural pluralism) the coexistence of several cultures in the
same geographic area, without any one culture dominating another
✔✔nonmaterial culture - ✔✔the shared set of meanings that people in a society use to
interpret and understand the world
✔✔norms - ✔✔a society's specific rules concerning right and wrong behavior
✔✔popular culture - ✔✔the beliefs, practices, activities, and products that are widely
shared among a population in everyday life
✔✔real culture - ✔✔the actual everyday behavior of people in a society
✔✔sanctions - ✔✔rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or
inappropriate behavior
✔✔society - ✔✔a group of people that has lived and worked together long enough to
become and organized population and to think of themselves as a social unit
✔✔subculture - ✔✔a group or category of people whose distinctive ways of thinking,
feeling, and acting differ somewhat from those of the larger society
✔✔symbol - ✔✔anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning
for people who share a culture
✔✔values - ✔✔the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is
good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or
ugly.
✔✔ alienation - ✔✔the feeling of separation from ones group or society
✔✔capitalism - ✔✔an economic system in which the ownership of the means of
production like land, factories, large sums of money, and machines is in private hands
AND ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔variable - ✔✔a characteristic that can change in value or magnitude under different
conditions.
✔✔counterculture - ✔✔a group or category of people who deliberately oppose and
consciously reject some of the basic beliefs, values, and norms of the dominant culture.
✔✔cultural imperialism - ✔✔the influence or domination of the cultural values and
products of one society over those of another.
✔✔cultural integration - ✔✔the consistency of various aspects of society, which
promotes order and stability.
✔✔cultural lag - ✔✔the gap when nonmaterial culture changes more slowly than
material culture
✔✔cultural relativism - ✔✔the recognition that no culture is better than another and that
a culture should be judged by its own standards
✔✔cultural universals - ✔✔customs and practices that are common to all societies
✔✔culture - ✔✔the learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and
material objects that characterize a particular group or society
✔✔culture shock - ✔✔a sense of confusion, uncertainty, disorientation, or anxiety that
accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life or environment.
✔✔ethnocentrism - ✔✔the belief that one's culture and way of life are superior to those
of other groups
✔✔Folkways - ✔✔norms that members of a society (or a group within a society) look
upon as not being critical and that may be broken without severe punishment
✔✔ideal culture - ✔✔the beliefs, values, and norms that people in a society say they
hold or follow
✔✔language - ✔✔a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate
with one another
✔✔laws - ✔✔formal rules about behavior that are defined by a political authority that
has the power to punish violators
, ✔✔mass media - ✔✔forms of communication designed to reach large numbers of
people
✔✔material culture - ✔✔the tangible objects that members of a society make, use, and
share.
✔✔mores - ✔✔norms that members of a society consider very important because they
maintain moral and ethical behavior
✔✔multiculturalism - ✔✔(cultural pluralism) the coexistence of several cultures in the
same geographic area, without any one culture dominating another
✔✔nonmaterial culture - ✔✔the shared set of meanings that people in a society use to
interpret and understand the world
✔✔norms - ✔✔a society's specific rules concerning right and wrong behavior
✔✔popular culture - ✔✔the beliefs, practices, activities, and products that are widely
shared among a population in everyday life
✔✔real culture - ✔✔the actual everyday behavior of people in a society
✔✔sanctions - ✔✔rewards for good or appropriate behavior and/or penalties for bad or
inappropriate behavior
✔✔society - ✔✔a group of people that has lived and worked together long enough to
become and organized population and to think of themselves as a social unit
✔✔subculture - ✔✔a group or category of people whose distinctive ways of thinking,
feeling, and acting differ somewhat from those of the larger society
✔✔symbol - ✔✔anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning
for people who share a culture
✔✔values - ✔✔the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is
good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or
ugly.
✔✔ alienation - ✔✔the feeling of separation from ones group or society
✔✔capitalism - ✔✔an economic system in which the ownership of the means of
production like land, factories, large sums of money, and machines is in private hands
