SOCIOLOGY 101 UPDATED FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔German social scientist Max Weber (pronounced VAY-ber) (1864-
1920) was also concerned about the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution
✔✔social facts - ✔✔Emile Durkheim's term for patterned ways of acting, thinking, and
feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each
person.
✔✔anomie - ✔✔Emile Durkheim's term for a condition in which social control becomes
ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society.
✔✔The chicago School - ✔✔The first department of sociology in the United States was
established at the University of Chicago, where the faculty was instrumental in starting
the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological
Association).
✔✔Jane addams - ✔✔Jane Addams (1860-1935) is one of the best-known early
women sociologists in the United States because she founded Hull House, one of the
most famous settlement houses, in an impoverished area of Chicago
✔✔W. e. B. du Bois and atlanta university - ✔✔The second department of sociology in
the United States was founded by W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) at Atlanta University
(Figure 1.10). He created a laboratory of sociology, instituted a program of systematic
research, founded and conducted regular sociological conferences on research,
founded two journals, and established a record of valuable publications.
✔✔theory - ✔✔—a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe,
explain, and (occasionally) predict social events.
✔✔functionalist perspectives - ✔✔are based on the assumption that society is a stable,
orderly system.
✔✔Manifest functions - ✔✔are intended and/or overtly recognized by the participants in
a social unit. In contrast, latent functions are unintended functions that are hidden and
remain unacknowledged by participants
✔✔latent functions - ✔✔unintended functions that are hidden and remain
unacknowledged by participants
✔✔conflict perspectives - ✔✔the sociological approach that views groups in society as
engaged in a continuous power struggle for control of scarce resources
, ✔✔Social Class - ✔✔Although many other factors may be present, social class
pressures may affect rates of suicide among young people from lower-income families
when they perceive that they have few educational or employment opportunities and
little hope for the future. However, class-based inequality alone cannot explain suicides
among young people.
✔✔Gender - ✔✔In North America, females are more likely to attempt suicide, whereas
males are more likely to actually take their own life.
✔✔Race/Ethnicity - ✔✔Racial and ethnic subordination may be a factor in some
suicides. (Figure 1.14 displays U.S. suicides in terms of race and sex.) This fact is most
glaringly reflected in the extremely high rate of suicide among Native Americans, who
constitute about 1 percent of the U.S. population.
✔✔macrolevel analysis - ✔✔an approach that examines whole societies, large-scale
social structures, and social systems instead of looking at important social dynamics in
individuals' lives.
✔✔symbolic interactionist perspectives - ✔✔s the sociological approach that views
society as the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.
✔✔microlevel analysis - ✔✔an approach that focuses on small groups rather than large-
scale social structures.
✔✔postmodern perspectives, - ✔✔existing theories have been unsuccessful in
explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by
postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications.
✔✔quantitative research - ✔✔sociological research methods that are based on the goal
of scientific objectivity and that focus on data that can be measured numerically
✔✔qualitative research - ✔✔sociological research methods that use interpretive
descriptions (words) rather than statistics (numbers) to analyze underlying meanings
and patterns of social relationships.
✔✔hypothesis - ✔✔—a statement of the expected relationship between two or more
variables. A variable is any concept with measurable traits or characteristics that can
change or vary from one person, time, situation, or society to another.
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔is presumed to be the cause of the relationship; the
dependent variable is assumed to be caused by the independent variable
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔in an experiment, the variable assumed to be caused by
the independent variable(s).
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔German social scientist Max Weber (pronounced VAY-ber) (1864-
1920) was also concerned about the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution
✔✔social facts - ✔✔Emile Durkheim's term for patterned ways of acting, thinking, and
feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each
person.
✔✔anomie - ✔✔Emile Durkheim's term for a condition in which social control becomes
ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society.
✔✔The chicago School - ✔✔The first department of sociology in the United States was
established at the University of Chicago, where the faculty was instrumental in starting
the American Sociological Society (now known as the American Sociological
Association).
✔✔Jane addams - ✔✔Jane Addams (1860-1935) is one of the best-known early
women sociologists in the United States because she founded Hull House, one of the
most famous settlement houses, in an impoverished area of Chicago
✔✔W. e. B. du Bois and atlanta university - ✔✔The second department of sociology in
the United States was founded by W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963) at Atlanta University
(Figure 1.10). He created a laboratory of sociology, instituted a program of systematic
research, founded and conducted regular sociological conferences on research,
founded two journals, and established a record of valuable publications.
✔✔theory - ✔✔—a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe,
explain, and (occasionally) predict social events.
✔✔functionalist perspectives - ✔✔are based on the assumption that society is a stable,
orderly system.
✔✔Manifest functions - ✔✔are intended and/or overtly recognized by the participants in
a social unit. In contrast, latent functions are unintended functions that are hidden and
remain unacknowledged by participants
✔✔latent functions - ✔✔unintended functions that are hidden and remain
unacknowledged by participants
✔✔conflict perspectives - ✔✔the sociological approach that views groups in society as
engaged in a continuous power struggle for control of scarce resources
, ✔✔Social Class - ✔✔Although many other factors may be present, social class
pressures may affect rates of suicide among young people from lower-income families
when they perceive that they have few educational or employment opportunities and
little hope for the future. However, class-based inequality alone cannot explain suicides
among young people.
✔✔Gender - ✔✔In North America, females are more likely to attempt suicide, whereas
males are more likely to actually take their own life.
✔✔Race/Ethnicity - ✔✔Racial and ethnic subordination may be a factor in some
suicides. (Figure 1.14 displays U.S. suicides in terms of race and sex.) This fact is most
glaringly reflected in the extremely high rate of suicide among Native Americans, who
constitute about 1 percent of the U.S. population.
✔✔macrolevel analysis - ✔✔an approach that examines whole societies, large-scale
social structures, and social systems instead of looking at important social dynamics in
individuals' lives.
✔✔symbolic interactionist perspectives - ✔✔s the sociological approach that views
society as the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.
✔✔microlevel analysis - ✔✔an approach that focuses on small groups rather than large-
scale social structures.
✔✔postmodern perspectives, - ✔✔existing theories have been unsuccessful in
explaining social life in contemporary societies that are characterized by
postindustrialization, consumerism, and global communications.
✔✔quantitative research - ✔✔sociological research methods that are based on the goal
of scientific objectivity and that focus on data that can be measured numerically
✔✔qualitative research - ✔✔sociological research methods that use interpretive
descriptions (words) rather than statistics (numbers) to analyze underlying meanings
and patterns of social relationships.
✔✔hypothesis - ✔✔—a statement of the expected relationship between two or more
variables. A variable is any concept with measurable traits or characteristics that can
change or vary from one person, time, situation, or society to another.
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔is presumed to be the cause of the relationship; the
dependent variable is assumed to be caused by the independent variable
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔in an experiment, the variable assumed to be caused by
the independent variable(s).
