ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔High altitudes will have what kind of climate: - ✔✔Cooler climate
✔✔Western Europe's warm ocean current ensures what? - ✔✔That Western Europe is
not as cold as regions with similar latitudes in North America.
✔✔California, Chile, and South Africa are cooled by what kind of ocean currents: -
✔✔Cold ocean currents
✔✔Hot climates generally produce what style of wines: - ✔✔More alcohol, fuller body,
more tannin, less acid
✔✔Cool climates generally produce what styles of wine: - ✔✔Less alcohol, lighter body,
less tannin, more acidity
✔✔What is the most important time of year for weather conditions to affect the grape: -
✔✔The growing season; particularly when the grapes are ripening
✔✔Once grape skins have been damaged, the are susceptible to what: - ✔✔Rot
✔✔Which two regions are vintages most important: - ✔✔Bordeaux and Champagne
✔✔Why are vintages important in Bordeaux and Champagne? - ✔✔Weather varies
greatly from year to year
✔✔Sunlight is the source of energy that allows the grape to do what? - ✔✔Combine
carbon dioxide and water into sugar
✔✔Grapes use sugar to do what? - ✔✔To ferment into alcohol
✔✔In regions far from the equator, vines can receive more sunlight by what? - ✔✔Being
planted on slopes angled toward the sun or above rivers that reflect sunlight
✔✔Too much water causes grapes to do what? - ✔✔To become bloated
✔✔Water for a grape can com from: - ✔✔Rain, the ground, or from irrigation
✔✔Too much rain may result in bigger crops, but the flavors and sugars will be: -
✔✔Diluted
✔✔Diluted grapes from too much water will have less: - ✔✔Alcohol, body, and flavor
, ✔✔In Europe, where rainfall is high, the best vineyards are: - ✔✔On slopes, or have
gravel or chalk soils, which drain water away quickly
✔✔In regions with little rainfall, vineyards use what: - ✔✔Irrigation
✔✔In addition to bloated grapes with diluted sugar, too much rain can cause what: -
✔✔Rot
✔✔What latitudes are most of the vineyards between: - ✔✔30 to 50 degrees
✔✔If weather is too cool or hot, sugar production can: - ✔✔Slow down or stop
✔✔Dry, stony soils are generally warmer or cooler than wet clay soils? - ✔✔Warmer.
✔✔A grape combines what and what to make sugar: - ✔✔Carbon dioxide and water
✔✔Pruning, controlling number of grape bunches, and positioning of the leaves do
what: - ✔✔Vineyard activities that help a grape to ripen fully
✔✔Harvest occurs when: - ✔✔Once grapes have ripened
✔✔In addition to soil, slope, climate, weather, and care, what can potentially negatively
effect a grape: - ✔✔Animal pests, fungal diseases like mildew or rot, and long term
diseases like fungi, bacteria, and viruses
✔✔Top quality wines can be made from both: - ✔✔Machine harvested and hand
harvested grapes
✔✔The stalk contains what: - ✔✔Tannins
✔✔The skin contains what: - ✔✔Color, tannin, and flavoring compounds
✔✔The pulp contains what: - ✔✔Water, sugar, and acids
✔✔The seeds contain what: - ✔✔Bitter oils
✔✔When yeast feeds on sugar in the grape juice, what happens? - ✔✔They produce
alcohol, carbon dioxide, and heat
✔✔The color of red and rose wines are obtained how? - ✔✔Soaking the colored skins
in the fermenting juice