Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 4 Updated Exam 2026
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Exam Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS (100%
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loperamide - ANSWERS-Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles,
through the opioid receptor, to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time; reduces fecal
volume, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss; demonstrates
antisecretory activity. increases tone on the anal sphincter
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-this medication can cause a darkening of stools and
tongue
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-this medication should not be given to pts under 12
years old that have a fever due to increased risk for reyes syndrome and not to be given
to those under 2 yrs old
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-may be taken every 30-60 minutes, if tx travelers
diarrhea it should be taken before each meal and at bedtime.
proton pump inhibitors - ANSWERS-may require testing of h. pylori if sxs presist
b12 deficiency may occur and should be checked, calcium, vit d level too
protonix and omeprazole - ANSWERS-PPIs such as this medication reduce acid
proucing also putting a risk for iron deficiency anemia, vit b12 and calcium deficiencies.
thus a risk for osteoporosis for those with long term use, advanced age, and other risk
factors such as hip fx
, stimulant laxatives - ANSWERS-most rapid acting laxatives, having a direct action on
intestinal mucosa by stimulating the myenteric plexus. they facilitate the release of
prostaglandins and increased cMP which increases secretion of electrolytes and
stimulates peristalsis
metoclopramide - ANSWERS-in the improvement of GERD this medication produces a
dose related increase in LESP. these effects begin at doses as low as 5 mg. (LESP:
lower esophageal sphincter pressure)
step down approach - ANSWERS-This approach to the treatment of GERD begins with
a standard dose of PPI daily for 8 weeks. If the symptoms have not resolved, then the
dose of the PPI is doubled for another 4-8 weeks. After 4 weeks a lower dose of PPI is
tried; if no relief after 8 weeks of twice daily PPI, then referral to a GI doctor is
warranted. The goal is to step down to the lowest PPI dose or transition to a H2RA
blocker if symptoms are not relieved
step up approach - ANSWERS-This approach to the treatment of GERD begins with
lifestyle modifications and OTC antacids, followed by H2RA blockers and PPI's. If
symptoms are refractory after 4-8 weeks of treatment, or if endoscopy shows evidence
of erosive disease, then PPI's become central management. First, once daily and if
symptoms continue then twice daily.. This is best with patients with mild disease or
occasional symptoms
Peptic Ulcer Disease with positive H. Pylori - ANSWERS-First line treatment for this
disease includes triple therapy with a PPI twice a day, Amoxicillin 1 gm twice daily and
Clarithromycin 500mg twice daily for 7-14 days. Treatment is suggested for 10 days to 2
weeks. Patients with a PCN allergy can substitute metronidazole for amoxicillin
miralax - ANSWERS-this medication can be given concurrently for children to treat
constipation along with potential need for behavior modification as appropriate
stimulant laxatives - ANSWERS-bowel dependency may occur if used long term with
these medications
WITH Recent Newest Verified And Well Analyzed
Exam Questions (Actual Exam 2026-2027)
Correct Detailed & Verified ANSWERS (100%
Accurate Solutions) ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST VERSION Of The Exam Guarantee
Pass!!
loperamide - ANSWERS-Acts directly on circular and longitudinal intestinal muscles,
through the opioid receptor, to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time; reduces fecal
volume, increases viscosity, and diminishes fluid and electrolyte loss; demonstrates
antisecretory activity. increases tone on the anal sphincter
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-this medication can cause a darkening of stools and
tongue
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-this medication should not be given to pts under 12
years old that have a fever due to increased risk for reyes syndrome and not to be given
to those under 2 yrs old
bismuth subsalicylate - ANSWERS-may be taken every 30-60 minutes, if tx travelers
diarrhea it should be taken before each meal and at bedtime.
proton pump inhibitors - ANSWERS-may require testing of h. pylori if sxs presist
b12 deficiency may occur and should be checked, calcium, vit d level too
protonix and omeprazole - ANSWERS-PPIs such as this medication reduce acid
proucing also putting a risk for iron deficiency anemia, vit b12 and calcium deficiencies.
thus a risk for osteoporosis for those with long term use, advanced age, and other risk
factors such as hip fx
, stimulant laxatives - ANSWERS-most rapid acting laxatives, having a direct action on
intestinal mucosa by stimulating the myenteric plexus. they facilitate the release of
prostaglandins and increased cMP which increases secretion of electrolytes and
stimulates peristalsis
metoclopramide - ANSWERS-in the improvement of GERD this medication produces a
dose related increase in LESP. these effects begin at doses as low as 5 mg. (LESP:
lower esophageal sphincter pressure)
step down approach - ANSWERS-This approach to the treatment of GERD begins with
a standard dose of PPI daily for 8 weeks. If the symptoms have not resolved, then the
dose of the PPI is doubled for another 4-8 weeks. After 4 weeks a lower dose of PPI is
tried; if no relief after 8 weeks of twice daily PPI, then referral to a GI doctor is
warranted. The goal is to step down to the lowest PPI dose or transition to a H2RA
blocker if symptoms are not relieved
step up approach - ANSWERS-This approach to the treatment of GERD begins with
lifestyle modifications and OTC antacids, followed by H2RA blockers and PPI's. If
symptoms are refractory after 4-8 weeks of treatment, or if endoscopy shows evidence
of erosive disease, then PPI's become central management. First, once daily and if
symptoms continue then twice daily.. This is best with patients with mild disease or
occasional symptoms
Peptic Ulcer Disease with positive H. Pylori - ANSWERS-First line treatment for this
disease includes triple therapy with a PPI twice a day, Amoxicillin 1 gm twice daily and
Clarithromycin 500mg twice daily for 7-14 days. Treatment is suggested for 10 days to 2
weeks. Patients with a PCN allergy can substitute metronidazole for amoxicillin
miralax - ANSWERS-this medication can be given concurrently for children to treat
constipation along with potential need for behavior modification as appropriate
stimulant laxatives - ANSWERS-bowel dependency may occur if used long term with
these medications
