1
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
NSG 312 Exam 1 (2024/2025) Verified
Questions and Verified Rationalized
Answers, 100% A+ Graded
CH. 29 - When assessing laboratory values on a patient admitted with septicemia, what does
the nurse expect to find?
a. Increased platelets
b. Increased red blood cells
c. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. Increased bands in the white blood cell (WBC) differential –
, 2
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
Correct Answer :d. Increased bands in the white blood cell (WBC) differential
When infections are severe, such as in septicemia, more granulocytes are released from the
bone marrow as a compensatory mechanism. To meet the increased demand, many young,
immature polymorphonuclear neutrophils (bands) are released into circulation. WBCs are
usually reported in order of maturity (initially with the less mature forms on the left side of a
written report). Hence, the term "shift to the left" is used to denote an increase in the
number of bands. Thrombocytosis occurs with inflammation and some malignant disorders.
Increased red blood cells or decreased ESR is not indicative of septicemia.
CH. 29 - A patient with thrombocytopenia secondary to sepsis has small, pinpoint deposits of
blood visible through the skin on the anterior and posterior chest. The nurse will document
this skin abnormality as:
a. petechiae.
b. erythema.
c. ecchymosis.
d. telangiectasia. –
Correct Answer :a. petechiae
Petechiae are pinpoint, discrete deposits of blood less than 1 to 2 mm in the extravascular
tissues and visible through the skin or mucous membranes. Erythema is redness occurring in
patches of variable size and shape. Telangiectasia is visibly dilated, superficial, cutaneous
small blood vessels. Ecchymosis is a large, bruise-like lesion caused by a collection of
extravascular blood in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
CH. 29 - The nurse is caring for a 36-yr-old patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin) to treat
seizures resulting from a traumatic brain injury as a teenager. It is most important for the
nurse to observe for which hematologic adverse effect of this medication?
a. Anemia
b. Leukemia
c. Polycythemia
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NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
d. Thrombocytosis –
Correct Answer :a. Anemia
Hematologic adverse effects of phenytoin include anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia,
granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and pancytopenia.
CH. 29 - A patient had a splenectomy for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. Which
phenomena are likely to result from the absence of the patient's spleen? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Impaired fibrinolysis
b. Increased platelet levels
c. Increased eosinophil levels
d. Fatigue and cold intolerance
e. Impaired immunologic function –
Correct Answer :b. Increased platelet levels
e. Impaired immunologic function
Splenectomy can result in increased platelet levels and impaired immunologic function
because of the loss of storage and immunologic functions of the spleen. Fibrinolysis, fatigue,
and cold intolerance are less likely to result from the loss of the spleen since coagulation and
oxygenation are not primary responsibilities of the spleen.
CH. 29 - The nurse is providing care for older adults on a subacute, geriatric medical unit. What
effect does aging have on hematologic function of older adults?
a. Thrombocytosis
b. Decreased hemoglobin
, 4
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
c. Decreased WBC count
d. Decreased blood volume –
Correct Answer :b. Decreased hemoglobin
Older adults often have decreased hemoglobin levels as a result of changes in erythropoiesis.
Decreased blood volume, decreased WBCs, and alterations in platelet number are not
considered to be normal, age-related hematologic changes.
CH. 29 - When evaluating a patient's nutritional-metabolic pattern related to hematologic
health, what priority assessment should the nurse perform?
a. Inspect the skin for petechiae.
b. Ask the patient about joint pain.
c. Assess for vitamin C deficiency.
d. Determine if the patient can perform activities of daily living. –
Correct Answer :a. Inspect the skin for petechiae.
Any changes in the skin's texture or color should be explored when assessing the patient's
nutritional-metabolic pattern related to hematologic health. The presence of petechiae or
ecchymotic areas could be indicative of hematologic deficiencies related to poor nutritional
intake or related causes. The other options are not specific to the nutritional-metabolic
pattern related to hematologic health.
CH. 29 - A 36-yr-old patient suspected of having leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow
aspiration. What statement in the patient's health history requires immediate follow-up by the
nurse?
a. "I had a bad reaction to iodine before and almost died."
b. "I am taking an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection."
c. "I have rheumatoid arthritis and take aspirin for joint pain."
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
NSG 312 Exam 1 (2024/2025) Verified
Questions and Verified Rationalized
Answers, 100% A+ Graded
CH. 29 - When assessing laboratory values on a patient admitted with septicemia, what does
the nurse expect to find?
a. Increased platelets
b. Increased red blood cells
c. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
d. Increased bands in the white blood cell (WBC) differential –
, 2
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
Correct Answer :d. Increased bands in the white blood cell (WBC) differential
When infections are severe, such as in septicemia, more granulocytes are released from the
bone marrow as a compensatory mechanism. To meet the increased demand, many young,
immature polymorphonuclear neutrophils (bands) are released into circulation. WBCs are
usually reported in order of maturity (initially with the less mature forms on the left side of a
written report). Hence, the term "shift to the left" is used to denote an increase in the
number of bands. Thrombocytosis occurs with inflammation and some malignant disorders.
Increased red blood cells or decreased ESR is not indicative of septicemia.
CH. 29 - A patient with thrombocytopenia secondary to sepsis has small, pinpoint deposits of
blood visible through the skin on the anterior and posterior chest. The nurse will document
this skin abnormality as:
a. petechiae.
b. erythema.
c. ecchymosis.
d. telangiectasia. –
Correct Answer :a. petechiae
Petechiae are pinpoint, discrete deposits of blood less than 1 to 2 mm in the extravascular
tissues and visible through the skin or mucous membranes. Erythema is redness occurring in
patches of variable size and shape. Telangiectasia is visibly dilated, superficial, cutaneous
small blood vessels. Ecchymosis is a large, bruise-like lesion caused by a collection of
extravascular blood in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
CH. 29 - The nurse is caring for a 36-yr-old patient receiving phenytoin (Dilantin) to treat
seizures resulting from a traumatic brain injury as a teenager. It is most important for the
nurse to observe for which hematologic adverse effect of this medication?
a. Anemia
b. Leukemia
c. Polycythemia
, 3
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
d. Thrombocytosis –
Correct Answer :a. Anemia
Hematologic adverse effects of phenytoin include anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia,
granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and pancytopenia.
CH. 29 - A patient had a splenectomy for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. Which
phenomena are likely to result from the absence of the patient's spleen? (Select all that
apply.)
a. Impaired fibrinolysis
b. Increased platelet levels
c. Increased eosinophil levels
d. Fatigue and cold intolerance
e. Impaired immunologic function –
Correct Answer :b. Increased platelet levels
e. Impaired immunologic function
Splenectomy can result in increased platelet levels and impaired immunologic function
because of the loss of storage and immunologic functions of the spleen. Fibrinolysis, fatigue,
and cold intolerance are less likely to result from the loss of the spleen since coagulation and
oxygenation are not primary responsibilities of the spleen.
CH. 29 - The nurse is providing care for older adults on a subacute, geriatric medical unit. What
effect does aging have on hematologic function of older adults?
a. Thrombocytosis
b. Decreased hemoglobin
, 4
NSG 312 Exam (2024/2025)
c. Decreased WBC count
d. Decreased blood volume –
Correct Answer :b. Decreased hemoglobin
Older adults often have decreased hemoglobin levels as a result of changes in erythropoiesis.
Decreased blood volume, decreased WBCs, and alterations in platelet number are not
considered to be normal, age-related hematologic changes.
CH. 29 - When evaluating a patient's nutritional-metabolic pattern related to hematologic
health, what priority assessment should the nurse perform?
a. Inspect the skin for petechiae.
b. Ask the patient about joint pain.
c. Assess for vitamin C deficiency.
d. Determine if the patient can perform activities of daily living. –
Correct Answer :a. Inspect the skin for petechiae.
Any changes in the skin's texture or color should be explored when assessing the patient's
nutritional-metabolic pattern related to hematologic health. The presence of petechiae or
ecchymotic areas could be indicative of hematologic deficiencies related to poor nutritional
intake or related causes. The other options are not specific to the nutritional-metabolic
pattern related to hematologic health.
CH. 29 - A 36-yr-old patient suspected of having leukemia is scheduled for a bone marrow
aspiration. What statement in the patient's health history requires immediate follow-up by the
nurse?
a. "I had a bad reaction to iodine before and almost died."
b. "I am taking an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection."
c. "I have rheumatoid arthritis and take aspirin for joint pain."
