PATH 3610 UNIT 3 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
A ________ occurs when there's immature neutrophils in blood and indicates
__________, reflecting extent of inflammation - Answer- left shift heavy neutrophil
demand
In acute viral infections, there's _______ (neutropenia) and _______ (lymphocytosis) -
Answer- decreased neutrophils numbers increased lymphocyte numbers
Leukocyte release from bone marrow is mediated by: - Answer- cytokines TNF and IL-1
In acute inflammation, increased acute phase reactant (plasma protein) levels is
detected via: - Answer- increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
___________ is the process of pus formation, resulting in a liquefied mass of necrotic
tissue, dead organisms, and neutrophils - Answer- supportive/purulent inflammation
An ________ forms when an area of supportive inflammation becomes "walled off" by
fibrous tissue - Answer- abscess
If an abscess ruptures without draining enough, it may: - Answer- reform or remain as
chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation can progress from acute inflammation or: - Answer- arise directly
in association with antigens, persistent injury or autoimmune disease
If an antigen persists for several days, _______, _______ and ______ accumulate at
the site of inflammation. - Answer- activated T cells, plasma cells and macrophages
Immune response doesn't have time to develop in: - Answer- acute inflammation
____________ is characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages with scattered
lymphocytes - Answer- granulomatous inflammation
_________ are activated macrophages with large foamy pale cytoplasms that are
characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation - Answer- epithelioid cells
,Granulomatous inflammation occurs when: (2) - Answer- 1) causal agent is
phagocytosed, but survives and persists within macrophages
2) phagocytosis of causal agent is impaired
Differential diagnoses for granulomatous inflammation: (5) - Answer- 1) Atypical
bacteria
2) fungal pathogens within tissues
3) parasites within tissues
4) inert foreign bodies
5) immune-mediated diseases
________ develops in patients with _________. It is characterized by nodular skin
thickening and extensive tissue destruction, with disfiguring lesions on figures and face -
Answer- leprosy
poor T cell responsiveness
Functional tissue around a granuloma is lost by ______ and replaced by _______. -
Answer- necrosis
scar tissue
T cell mediated Type IV hypersensitivity causes central areas of: - Answer- caseous
necrosis
When foreign materials that are inert, non-antigenic and indigestible enter tissues: -
Answer- foreign body granulomas develop
- inert: doesn't elicit inflammatory response
- non-antigenic: doesn't elicit immune response
-indigestible: too large to be phagocytosed by single macrophage
Epithelioid cells have an increased ability to: - Answer- secrete lysozyme
Caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by micro-organisms is related to: - Answer- a
delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction
Exudation refers to: - Answer- increased movement of fluid and proteins out of vessels
due to increased permeability
Non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is seen with: - Answer- chronic viral infections
The two major components of the process of acute inflammation are: - Answer- vascular
changes and cellular response
The increased blood flow into inflamed tissues is termed: - Answer- hyperemia
The synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites is increased at inflammatory sites. T/F -
Answer- true
, Increased vascular permeability in inflammation will allow large protein molecules to
leave the vascular space. These include:
a. albumin
b. fibrinogen
c. urea - Answer- b. fibrinogen
Persistence of an antigen or injurious stimulus will cause chronic inflammation to
develop. T/F - Answer- true
In acute inflammation, the term 'pavementing' refers to the tendency for: - Answer-
leucocytes to adhere to vessel walls
The marked active dilation of vessels in acute inflammation is due to: - Answer- release
of chemical mediators by damaged cells
The fever associated with acute inflammation is a result of: - Answer- mediators such as
interleukin-1 and prostaglandins causing a 'resetting' of core temperature
Neutrophil diapedesis is assisted by: - Answer- enlarged endothelial pores
The process by which certain inflammatory cells ingest and destroy particulate matter is
termed: - Answer- phagocytosis
The type of inflammatory cell with the greatest role in inflammation is the: - Answer-
Neutrophil
A focus of necrotic debris and dead neutrophils surrounded by a fibrous capsule is best
termed: - Answer- abscess
The most common cause of osteomyelitis is: - Answer- bacterial seeding from the blood
Non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is characterized by sensitized lymphocytes,
plasma cells and macrophages, together with: - Answer- areas of necrosis and fibrosis
Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by: - Answer- aggregation of activated
(epithelioid) macrophages
Neutrophils leave capillaries in inflammation by the process of: - Answer- Diapedesis
In acute inflammation, leucocytes tend to 'stick' more to endothelial cells of the
microvasculature. T/F - Answer- true
Neutrophils contain: - Answer- enzymes which can degrade biologic material
Exudate contains: - Answer- contains fluid, protein, and inflammatory cells
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
A ________ occurs when there's immature neutrophils in blood and indicates
__________, reflecting extent of inflammation - Answer- left shift heavy neutrophil
demand
In acute viral infections, there's _______ (neutropenia) and _______ (lymphocytosis) -
Answer- decreased neutrophils numbers increased lymphocyte numbers
Leukocyte release from bone marrow is mediated by: - Answer- cytokines TNF and IL-1
In acute inflammation, increased acute phase reactant (plasma protein) levels is
detected via: - Answer- increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
___________ is the process of pus formation, resulting in a liquefied mass of necrotic
tissue, dead organisms, and neutrophils - Answer- supportive/purulent inflammation
An ________ forms when an area of supportive inflammation becomes "walled off" by
fibrous tissue - Answer- abscess
If an abscess ruptures without draining enough, it may: - Answer- reform or remain as
chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation can progress from acute inflammation or: - Answer- arise directly
in association with antigens, persistent injury or autoimmune disease
If an antigen persists for several days, _______, _______ and ______ accumulate at
the site of inflammation. - Answer- activated T cells, plasma cells and macrophages
Immune response doesn't have time to develop in: - Answer- acute inflammation
____________ is characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages with scattered
lymphocytes - Answer- granulomatous inflammation
_________ are activated macrophages with large foamy pale cytoplasms that are
characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation - Answer- epithelioid cells
,Granulomatous inflammation occurs when: (2) - Answer- 1) causal agent is
phagocytosed, but survives and persists within macrophages
2) phagocytosis of causal agent is impaired
Differential diagnoses for granulomatous inflammation: (5) - Answer- 1) Atypical
bacteria
2) fungal pathogens within tissues
3) parasites within tissues
4) inert foreign bodies
5) immune-mediated diseases
________ develops in patients with _________. It is characterized by nodular skin
thickening and extensive tissue destruction, with disfiguring lesions on figures and face -
Answer- leprosy
poor T cell responsiveness
Functional tissue around a granuloma is lost by ______ and replaced by _______. -
Answer- necrosis
scar tissue
T cell mediated Type IV hypersensitivity causes central areas of: - Answer- caseous
necrosis
When foreign materials that are inert, non-antigenic and indigestible enter tissues: -
Answer- foreign body granulomas develop
- inert: doesn't elicit inflammatory response
- non-antigenic: doesn't elicit immune response
-indigestible: too large to be phagocytosed by single macrophage
Epithelioid cells have an increased ability to: - Answer- secrete lysozyme
Caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by micro-organisms is related to: - Answer- a
delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction
Exudation refers to: - Answer- increased movement of fluid and proteins out of vessels
due to increased permeability
Non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is seen with: - Answer- chronic viral infections
The two major components of the process of acute inflammation are: - Answer- vascular
changes and cellular response
The increased blood flow into inflamed tissues is termed: - Answer- hyperemia
The synthesis of arachidonic acid metabolites is increased at inflammatory sites. T/F -
Answer- true
, Increased vascular permeability in inflammation will allow large protein molecules to
leave the vascular space. These include:
a. albumin
b. fibrinogen
c. urea - Answer- b. fibrinogen
Persistence of an antigen or injurious stimulus will cause chronic inflammation to
develop. T/F - Answer- true
In acute inflammation, the term 'pavementing' refers to the tendency for: - Answer-
leucocytes to adhere to vessel walls
The marked active dilation of vessels in acute inflammation is due to: - Answer- release
of chemical mediators by damaged cells
The fever associated with acute inflammation is a result of: - Answer- mediators such as
interleukin-1 and prostaglandins causing a 'resetting' of core temperature
Neutrophil diapedesis is assisted by: - Answer- enlarged endothelial pores
The process by which certain inflammatory cells ingest and destroy particulate matter is
termed: - Answer- phagocytosis
The type of inflammatory cell with the greatest role in inflammation is the: - Answer-
Neutrophil
A focus of necrotic debris and dead neutrophils surrounded by a fibrous capsule is best
termed: - Answer- abscess
The most common cause of osteomyelitis is: - Answer- bacterial seeding from the blood
Non-granulomatous chronic inflammation is characterized by sensitized lymphocytes,
plasma cells and macrophages, together with: - Answer- areas of necrosis and fibrosis
Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by: - Answer- aggregation of activated
(epithelioid) macrophages
Neutrophils leave capillaries in inflammation by the process of: - Answer- Diapedesis
In acute inflammation, leucocytes tend to 'stick' more to endothelial cells of the
microvasculature. T/F - Answer- true
Neutrophils contain: - Answer- enzymes which can degrade biologic material
Exudate contains: - Answer- contains fluid, protein, and inflammatory cells
