PATH 3610 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
When inflammation and necrosis destroy permanent body cells such as neurons in the
brain, the result is:
a. Chronic inflammation
b. Scar tissue
c. Regenerative repair to re-establish the normal state - Answer- Scar tissue
Which of the following is a cause of non-granulomatous chronic inflammation?
a. Foreign material such as talc or sponge fibers
b. Chronic viral infections
c. Chronic mycobacterial infections - Answer- Chronic viral infections
Repair by proliferation of connective tissue is the definition of:
a. Keloid
b. Contracture
c. Fibrosis or scarring - Answer- Fibrosis or scarring
Scarring is best defined as:
a. Chronic inflammation following tissue injury
b. Tissue irregularities due to imperfect repair
c. An area of dense collagen, due to healing by fibrosis - Answer- An area of dense
collagen, due to healing by fibrosis
Which of the following statements is not true of granulomatous inflammation?
a. It develops when macrophages phagocytose an "indigestible" agent
b. An active B cell-mediated immune response must occur
c. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells, mononuclear cells, and giant
cells - Answer- An active B cell-mediated immune response must occur
Granulation tissue has a role in healing by first intention.
a. True
b. False - Answer- True
Granulation tissue is more prominent in:
a. Wound healing by first intention
b. Would healing by second intention
c. Chronic inflammation - Answer- Would healing by second intention
,Granulation tissue refers to which of the following?
a. Inflammatory tissue formed in response to the presence of some indigestible
organism or particle
b. Tissue formed in chronic inflammation, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear
cells and scarring
c. Fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds - Answer-
Fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds
Granulation tissue is composed of:
a. Proliferating (immature) fibroblasts
b. Highly vascular immature connective tissue
c. Macrophages, other mononuclear cells and fibroblasts - Answer- Highly vascular
immature connective tissue
Which of the following represents the end stage of wound repair?
a. Proliferation and mobilization of fibroblasts
b. Dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
c. Proliferation of capillary buds and formation of abundant capillaries - Answer-
Dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
Cells which are reversibly post-mitotic and can divide if necessary to allow regeneration
are:
a. Cells of the basal layer of the epidermis
b. Cells lining the alimentary tract
c. Parenchymal cells of the liver, kidney, and pancreas - Answer- Parenchymal cells of
the liver, kidney, and pancreas
The coagulase enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus is an example of a:
a. Bacterial adhesin
b. Remotely acting toxin
c. Locally acting enzyme - Answer- Locally acting enzyme
Fungi cause tissue injury primarily by:
a. Inducing delayed type hypersensitivity responses
b. Releasing toxins which lead to tissue necrosis
c. Causing thrombosis and associated ischemic injury - Answer- Inducing delayed type
hypersensitivity responses
Which of the following statements about protozoal disease is false?
a. Many protozoal diseases have a restricted geographical distribution
b. They are usually opportunistic infections
c. In a worldwide basis, they are one of the most significant causes of infectious disease
in man - Answer- They are usually opportunistic infections
Which of the following statements about protozoal infections is false?
,a. Infection can be readily managed with appropriate medications
b. Organisms can assume a variety of forms within their host
c. Protozoa may cause either intracellular or extracellular infections - Answer- Infection
can be readily managed with appropriate medications
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect caused by viruses?
a. Initiation of cellular immunity, with subsequent tissue damage
b. Cell lysis
c. Release of viral toxins - Answer- Release of viral toxins
Parasitic diseases lead to tissue reactions characterized by:
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils - Answer- Eosinophils
In the prion-related spongiform encephalopathies, disease is related to:
a. Accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion protein in brain tissue
b. Inflammatory reactions characterized by lymphocytes
c. Axonal vacuolation - Answer- Accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion
protein in brain tissue
Which of the following statements about diseases caused by helminths is false?
a. There is often an associated neutrophilia (helminth=parasitic=eosinophilia)
b. Diseases may occur with man as either the definitive host or an intermediate host
The life cycle of helminths may involve migration through many tissues - Answer- There
is often an associated neutrophilia (helminth=parasitic=eosinophilia)
An example of a chronic viral infection, which causes cell necrosis and subsequent
fibrosis over a long period is:
a. Herpesvirus
b. Hepatitis C virus
c. Ebola virus - Answer- Hepatitis C virus
Which of the following statements about fungal disease is false?
a. There is often a strong geographical localization
b. The widespread use of antibiotics has decreased the incidence of fungal disease
c. Fungi can cause intracellular infection - Answer- The widespread use of antibiotics
has decreased the incidence of fungal disease
Suppurative inflammation is characteristic of:
a. Protozoal infections
b. Fungal infections
c. Bacterial infections - Answer- Bacterial infections
Caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by micro-organisms is related to:
a. A delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction
, b. Secretion of lysosomes by macrophages
c. Thrombosis of local vessels - Answer- A delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity
reaction
Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by:
a. Activated T cells and plasma cells
b. Aggregation of activated (epithelioid) macrophages
c. Focal tissue destruction and fibrosis - Answer- Aggregation of activated (epithelioid)
macrophages
The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
a. True
b. False - Answer- True
Bilirubin is:
a. Lipid soluble when conjugated
b. Water soluble when conjugated
c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine - Answer- Water soluble when
conjugated
Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the
result of:
a. Failed synthesis of structural proteins
b. Failure of growth regulating proteins
c. Interference with mitosis - Answer- a. Interference with mitosis
Free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing:
a. Lesions in DNA
b. Lipid peroxidation
c. Protein cross-linking - Answer- a. Lipid peroxidation
Anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is:
a. Insufficient oxygen
b. Low glucose levels
c. Enzyme inhibition - Answer- Insufficient oxygen
The primary change in hemolytic jaundice is:
a. Inadequate bilirubin excretion
b. Increased production of bilirubin
c. Serum accumulation of conjugated bilirubin - Answer- Increased production of
bilirubin
Triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells (such as the liver) is
termed:
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
When inflammation and necrosis destroy permanent body cells such as neurons in the
brain, the result is:
a. Chronic inflammation
b. Scar tissue
c. Regenerative repair to re-establish the normal state - Answer- Scar tissue
Which of the following is a cause of non-granulomatous chronic inflammation?
a. Foreign material such as talc or sponge fibers
b. Chronic viral infections
c. Chronic mycobacterial infections - Answer- Chronic viral infections
Repair by proliferation of connective tissue is the definition of:
a. Keloid
b. Contracture
c. Fibrosis or scarring - Answer- Fibrosis or scarring
Scarring is best defined as:
a. Chronic inflammation following tissue injury
b. Tissue irregularities due to imperfect repair
c. An area of dense collagen, due to healing by fibrosis - Answer- An area of dense
collagen, due to healing by fibrosis
Which of the following statements is not true of granulomatous inflammation?
a. It develops when macrophages phagocytose an "indigestible" agent
b. An active B cell-mediated immune response must occur
c. It is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells, mononuclear cells, and giant
cells - Answer- An active B cell-mediated immune response must occur
Granulation tissue has a role in healing by first intention.
a. True
b. False - Answer- True
Granulation tissue is more prominent in:
a. Wound healing by first intention
b. Would healing by second intention
c. Chronic inflammation - Answer- Would healing by second intention
,Granulation tissue refers to which of the following?
a. Inflammatory tissue formed in response to the presence of some indigestible
organism or particle
b. Tissue formed in chronic inflammation, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear
cells and scarring
c. Fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds - Answer-
Fibrovascular tissue which has a role in healing of large wounds
Granulation tissue is composed of:
a. Proliferating (immature) fibroblasts
b. Highly vascular immature connective tissue
c. Macrophages, other mononuclear cells and fibroblasts - Answer- Highly vascular
immature connective tissue
Which of the following represents the end stage of wound repair?
a. Proliferation and mobilization of fibroblasts
b. Dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
c. Proliferation of capillary buds and formation of abundant capillaries - Answer-
Dominance of fibrocytes and abundant collagen
Cells which are reversibly post-mitotic and can divide if necessary to allow regeneration
are:
a. Cells of the basal layer of the epidermis
b. Cells lining the alimentary tract
c. Parenchymal cells of the liver, kidney, and pancreas - Answer- Parenchymal cells of
the liver, kidney, and pancreas
The coagulase enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus is an example of a:
a. Bacterial adhesin
b. Remotely acting toxin
c. Locally acting enzyme - Answer- Locally acting enzyme
Fungi cause tissue injury primarily by:
a. Inducing delayed type hypersensitivity responses
b. Releasing toxins which lead to tissue necrosis
c. Causing thrombosis and associated ischemic injury - Answer- Inducing delayed type
hypersensitivity responses
Which of the following statements about protozoal disease is false?
a. Many protozoal diseases have a restricted geographical distribution
b. They are usually opportunistic infections
c. In a worldwide basis, they are one of the most significant causes of infectious disease
in man - Answer- They are usually opportunistic infections
Which of the following statements about protozoal infections is false?
,a. Infection can be readily managed with appropriate medications
b. Organisms can assume a variety of forms within their host
c. Protozoa may cause either intracellular or extracellular infections - Answer- Infection
can be readily managed with appropriate medications
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect caused by viruses?
a. Initiation of cellular immunity, with subsequent tissue damage
b. Cell lysis
c. Release of viral toxins - Answer- Release of viral toxins
Parasitic diseases lead to tissue reactions characterized by:
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils - Answer- Eosinophils
In the prion-related spongiform encephalopathies, disease is related to:
a. Accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion protein in brain tissue
b. Inflammatory reactions characterized by lymphocytes
c. Axonal vacuolation - Answer- Accumulation of large amounts of abnormal prion
protein in brain tissue
Which of the following statements about diseases caused by helminths is false?
a. There is often an associated neutrophilia (helminth=parasitic=eosinophilia)
b. Diseases may occur with man as either the definitive host or an intermediate host
The life cycle of helminths may involve migration through many tissues - Answer- There
is often an associated neutrophilia (helminth=parasitic=eosinophilia)
An example of a chronic viral infection, which causes cell necrosis and subsequent
fibrosis over a long period is:
a. Herpesvirus
b. Hepatitis C virus
c. Ebola virus - Answer- Hepatitis C virus
Which of the following statements about fungal disease is false?
a. There is often a strong geographical localization
b. The widespread use of antibiotics has decreased the incidence of fungal disease
c. Fungi can cause intracellular infection - Answer- The widespread use of antibiotics
has decreased the incidence of fungal disease
Suppurative inflammation is characteristic of:
a. Protozoal infections
b. Fungal infections
c. Bacterial infections - Answer- Bacterial infections
Caseous necrosis in granulomas caused by micro-organisms is related to:
a. A delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction
, b. Secretion of lysosomes by macrophages
c. Thrombosis of local vessels - Answer- A delayed type (Type IV) hypersensitivity
reaction
Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by:
a. Activated T cells and plasma cells
b. Aggregation of activated (epithelioid) macrophages
c. Focal tissue destruction and fibrosis - Answer- Aggregation of activated (epithelioid)
macrophages
The release of cytoplasmic enzymes from necrotic cells may be useful diagnostically.
a. True
b. False - Answer- True
Bilirubin is:
a. Lipid soluble when conjugated
b. Water soluble when conjugated
c. Conjugated in the kidney for excretion in the urine - Answer- Water soluble when
conjugated
Agents such as radiation, mutagenic drugs and viruses can lead to acquired DNA
abnormalities. Damage to cells such as blood cell precursors in the bone marrow is the
result of:
a. Failed synthesis of structural proteins
b. Failure of growth regulating proteins
c. Interference with mitosis - Answer- a. Interference with mitosis
Free radicals can impair cell membrane function by causing:
a. Lesions in DNA
b. Lipid peroxidation
c. Protein cross-linking - Answer- a. Lipid peroxidation
Anemia will lead to impaired energy production by the cell because there is:
a. Insufficient oxygen
b. Low glucose levels
c. Enzyme inhibition - Answer- Insufficient oxygen
The primary change in hemolytic jaundice is:
a. Inadequate bilirubin excretion
b. Increased production of bilirubin
c. Serum accumulation of conjugated bilirubin - Answer- Increased production of
bilirubin
Triglyceride accumulation in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells (such as the liver) is
termed:
