Dillon CHM 1046 Exam 1Questions And Actual Accurate Answers

London Dispersion Forces - correct answers the force of attraction that arise as a result of temporary dipoles induced in the atoms of molecules, experienced by ALL molecules Dipole-Dipole Forces - correct answers forces that occur between polar molecules, A permanent dipole exists when one end of a molecule is electron deficient (partially positive) and the other end of a molecule is electron rich (partially negative) Hydrogen Bonding - correct answers a type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond and an unshared electron pair of an element that is very electronegative, Electronegative atom must be N, O, or F Ion-Dipole Forces - correct answers experienced by ions interacting with polar molecules in solution, Think NaCl in H2O Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces - correct answers exists when a polar molecule induces a dipole on a nonpolar molecule due to proximity Polarizability - correct answers measure of ease with which electron charge density is distorted by an external electric field; reflects the ability for which a dipole can be induced Adhesion - correct answers the ability to "stick" to things (like glass) other than itself Cohesion - correct answers the ability to "stick" to itself Viscosity - correct answers resistance to flow exhibited by all liquids and gases Surface Tension - correct answers resistance of a liquid to increase in its surface area Capillary Rise (Action) - correct answers spontaneous rising of a liquid up a narrow tube Phase Transitions - correct answers describe the conversion between solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter Triple Point - correct answers the point on the phase diagram at which all three states of matter exist (and are in equilibrium) Critical Point - correct answers the point on the phase diagram where the liquid and gaseous states are indistinguishable Supercritical Fluid - correct answers any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point Ionic Solids - correct answers ionic bonds hold the solid in a regular three dimensional arrangement- Properties: high melting point, brittle, hard Molecular Solids - correct answers solids like ice that are held together by IMFs- Properties: low melting point, nonconducting Covalent Network - correct answers a solid consists of atoms held together in large networks or chains by covalent bonding- Properties: high melting point, hard, nonconducting Metallic Solid - correct answers similar to a covalent network, but with metals- Properties: variable hardness and melting point, high conductivity Allotrope - correct answers some solid substances can exist in more than one form (diamond, coal, graphite) Solubility - correct answers the maximum amount of a solute that is dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature Saturated Solution - correct answers contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure Supersaturated Solution - correct answers contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution (more than the solvent should be able to handle) Dilute Solution - correct answers contains less dissolved solute than a saturated solution (could dissolve more solute if need be) Strong Electrolyte - correct answers completely dissociates into ions in solution (i.e. NaCl, HNO3) Weak electrolyte - correct answers produce a few ions and does not dissociate completely in solution (i.e. HF, HC2H3O2) Nonelectrolyte - correct answers will not produce ions (sucrose) Miscible - correct answers two liquids which share intermolecular forces and are able to mix with one another Immiscible - correct answers two liquids that do not have intermolecular forces in common and will not mix with one another Molarity (M) - correct answers moles of solute/liters of solution Molality (m) - correct answers moles of solute/kilograms of solvent Volume percent (%v/v) - correct answers volume of solute/volume of solution *100 (Volumes must be in the same units) Weight percent (%w/w) - correct answers mass of solute/mass of solution *100 (Masses must be in same units) Weight by mass percent (%w/v) - correct ans