CHM 1046 Final Exam Review (info from Exam 2) Complete Questions And Answers A+ Score

Rate of reaction - correct answers factors that influence the ___ are concentrations of the reactions, physical state of the reactants, temperature, and time. Reaction rate - correct answers the change in concentration per unit of time. M/s Rate constant - correct answers constant of the proportionality between the reaction rate and the concentration of reactant. Rate Law - correct answers expresses the relationship of the rate of a reaction to the rate constant and the concentrations of the reactants raised to some powers. rate=k[A]^x[B]^y. Determined experimentally. Reaction order - correct answers Specifies the relationship between the concentrations of reactants A and B and the reaction rate. Always defined in terms of reactant concentrations. Half-life (t1/2) - correct answers the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half of its initial concentration. first - correct answers Many radioactive decay processes are ___ order. kinetic energy - correct answers the energy required to break bonds comes from this type of energy. Activation Energy - correct answers The minimum energy that must be overcome for the reaction to occur. temperature - correct answers reaction rate is ___ dependent Collision Theory of Reaction Rates - correct answers 1. Molecules must collide (concentration) 2. Have enough energy to make and break bonds (temperature) 3. Have the correct orientation to react. Transition site - correct answers reactants form a high energy intermediate, the ___, which then falls apart into the products. activation energy - correct answers for a reaction to occur, the reactants must acquire sufficient energy to form the transition state. This is the ___ of the reaction. Reaction Mechanism - correct answers step-by-step process that occurs on a molecular level as reactants change into products. The rate determining step - correct answers the slowest step in the sequence of steps leading to product formation. This step has the higher activation barrier. Catalyst - correct answers a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed. Speeds up forward and reverse reactions, but does not increase yield of product. homogeneous, heterogeneous - correct answers a ___ catalyst is a single phase, typically liquid, and low temperature. a ___ catalyst is multiphase, mostly solid-liquid and solid-gas, and high temperature. homogeneous catalysts - correct answers 1. catalysts and reactants are in the same phase (usually liquid). 2. reaction proceeds through an intermediate species with lower energy. 3. there is usually more than one reaction step. Advantage of a homogeneous catalysis - correct answers 1. easier to study 2. high selectivity 3. ease of heat dissipation from exothermic reactions disadvantages of homogeneous catalysis - correct answers 1. scale-up can be costly, difficult, and dangerous 2. separation is required enzymes - correct answers biological molecules (proteins) that act as catalysts. physical equilibrium - correct answers forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate but there is no chemical change constant - correct answers at chemical equilibrium, concentrations of the reactants and products remain ___. produced, consumed - correct answers at equilibrium, each compound is ___ and ___ at the same rate. favors product formation - correct answers K1, KfwdKrev favors reactant formation - correct answers K1, KfwdKrev