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COPD - ANSWERS-Preventable and treatable disease state characterized by air flow
limitation that is not fully reversible.
Breath Sounds - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Normal in early stages, may present with
wheezing, crackles, or rhonchi, inspiratory stridor may indicate airway obstruction
Physical Appearance - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Anxious, surface burns, singed facial
hair, black soot marks, obvious pharyngeal swelling, and edema, hoarseness, altered
voice and dysphagia
Vital signs - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Increased HR,BP, QT, Sp02 not accurate if CO
poisoning is present
Emphysema - ANSWERS-Presence of permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal
to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without
obvious fibroisis
Chronic bronchitis - ANSWERS-Chronic productive cough for three months in each of
two successive years in a pt for whom other causes of the productive cough have been
excluded
,Pt assessment (Primary) thermal injury - ANSWERS-Past medical history = Fireman or
pts pulled from a burning building, pts found sitting in garage with car running, trash
fires
Shortness of breath = May be present
Cough = Excessive thick, black, sooty secretions
Respiratory Pattern = Tachypnea
Color = Cyanosis, Cherry Red (suspect CO poisoning )
Level of consciousness = Alert, may be confused, unresponsive
Breath Sounds = Normal in early stages, may present with wheezing, crackles, or
rhonchi, inspiratory stridor may indicate airway obstruction
Physical appearance = Anxious, surface burns, singed facial hair, clack soot marks,
obvious pharyngeal swelling and edema, hoarseness , altered voice, dysphasia
Vital Signs = Increased HR , BP, QT, pulse oximetry not accurate if CO poisoning
present
Past medical history - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Fireman or pts pulled for a burning
building, pts found sitting in garage with the car running, trash fires
Shortness in breath - thermal injuires - ANSWERS-May be present
Cough - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Excessive thick, black, sooty secretions
Respiratory Pattern - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Tachypnea
Color - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Cyanosis, cherry red = suspect CO poisoning
Level of Consciousness - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Alert, may be confused,
unresponsive
,Secondary Pt Assessment - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Chest X-ray = normal in early
stages, pulmonary edema/ARDS late stages
ABG= Acute hyperventilation with hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function = Decreased volumes and flowrates and decreased DLCO
Special Tests = CoHb Levels measured by co-oximetry
Chest X-ray - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Normal in early stages
Pulmonary edema/ARDS in late stages
ABG - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function - thermal injury - ANSWERS-Decreased volumes and flowrates,
decreased DLCO
Special Tests - Thermal injury - ANSWERS-COHb levels ensured by co-oximeter
Treatment for thermal injury - ANSWERS--Immediate assessment of the pts airway and
respiratory and cardiovascular status
Elective intubation should be performed for the pts who have inhaled hot gases or
demonstrate signs of impending upper airway obstruction (marked or severe
distress/stridor)
-O2 therapy at 100%
-Hyperbaric O2 therapy for CO poisoning (if available)
-Evaluate depth and percent of burns
-Immediate insertion of an IV line
-Isolation room
-Monitor ABG, electrolytes, and fluid levels
-Monitor for signs of infection
-Bronchoscopyto clear airways of mucus plugs and evaluation of the upper airways
-Mechanical ventilation for ventilatory failure
, -Pulmonary hygiene
-hyperinflation therapy
-Aerolsolized medications
1. Bronchodilators
2. Mucolytics
3. Anti-inflammatory agents
ARDS definition - ANSWERS-An illness or injury to the lungs that results in reduced
lung compliance and refactory hypoxemia
Etiology of ARDS - ANSWERS--Aspiration
-Trauma
-Drug overdose
-Fluid overload
-Inhalation of toxins and irritants
-shock
Primary pt assessment - ARDS - ANSWERS-Past medical history = Aspiration , trauma,
drug overdose, fluid overload, inhalation of toxins and irritants, shock
Cough = Non productive
Respiratory Pattern = Tachypnea, substernal and/or intercostal retractions
Color = Cyanotic
Diagnostic Chest Percussion = Flat/dull note
Breath Sounds = Bronchial, crackles
Vital Signs = Tachycardia, hypertension
Secondary pt assessment - ARDS - ANSWERS-Chest X-ray =diffuse alveolar infiltrates
with a honeycomb or ground glass appearance, radiopacity
ABG = Refractory hypoxemia acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia