Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is a cough? -
correct answer ✅Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by
an explosive expiration.
Acute cough: 2-3 weeks
Chronic cough: longer than 3 weeks.
Causes: Post nasal drip, GERD, medications (ACE).
Hypoventilation vs. Hyperventilation? -
correct answer ✅Hypo: Alveolar ventilation is INADEQUATE: leads
to RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS.
Hyper: Alveolar ventilation EXCEEDS metabolic demands: Leads to
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS.
What is clubbing? -
correct answer ✅A painless enlargement of the terminal
phalanges of the fingers and toes that develops over time due to
chronic hypoxia (COPD, CF, Pulmonary fibrosis, CHD).
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia? -
correct answer ✅Hypoxemia is low arterial blood oxygen content.
Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen level in the tissues/cells.
What is pneomothorax? -
correct answer ✅Presence of air or gas in pleural space.
Open vs tension pneumothorax? -
correct answer ✅Open: Air pressure in pleural space equals
barometric pressure .
Tension: Site of pleural rupture acts as one way valve permitting air
to enter on inspiration but prevents its escape by closing during
expiration.
What is pleural effusion? -
correct answer ✅Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Empyema: Pus
What is Empyema? -
correct answer ✅Pus in the pleural space.
Treatment: Antimicrobial medications and DRAINAGE of pleural
space with chest tube.
What is bronchiectasis? -
correct answer ✅Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi by
DESTRUCTION OF THE ELASTIC OR MUSCULAR COMPONENTS OF
THE BRONCHIAL WALL OR LUMEN OBSTRUCTION.
What is Bronchitis? -
correct answer ✅Inflammation of the bronchial tubes - usually
caused by viruses.
What is bronchiolitis? -
correct answer ✅Diffuse inflammation of smallest airways or
bronchioles (which are located on the most distal end of bronchi
before the alveoli.
, Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is asthma? How does genetics and environment play a role in
childhood asthma?WHa -
correct answer ✅Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial
mucosa.
Causes bronchial hyper responsiveness, constriction of the airways
and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.
Allergies are a key component as many attacks are due to allergic
response.
Childhood asthma: Genetics: genes that code for increased levels of
immune and inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, and
leukotrienes).
What is COPD? -
correct answer ✅Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
Usually progressive and associated with chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is a cough? -
correct answer ✅Protective reflex that helps clear the airways by
an explosive expiration.
Acute cough: 2-3 weeks
Chronic cough: longer than 3 weeks.
Causes: Post nasal drip, GERD, medications (ACE).
Hypoventilation vs. Hyperventilation? -
correct answer ✅Hypo: Alveolar ventilation is INADEQUATE: leads
to RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS.
Hyper: Alveolar ventilation EXCEEDS metabolic demands: Leads to
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS.
What is clubbing? -
correct answer ✅A painless enlargement of the terminal
phalanges of the fingers and toes that develops over time due to
chronic hypoxia (COPD, CF, Pulmonary fibrosis, CHD).
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is Hypoxemia vs. Hypoxia? -
correct answer ✅Hypoxemia is low arterial blood oxygen content.
Hypoxia is inadequate oxygen level in the tissues/cells.
What is pneomothorax? -
correct answer ✅Presence of air or gas in pleural space.
Open vs tension pneumothorax? -
correct answer ✅Open: Air pressure in pleural space equals
barometric pressure .
Tension: Site of pleural rupture acts as one way valve permitting air
to enter on inspiration but prevents its escape by closing during
expiration.
What is pleural effusion? -
correct answer ✅Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
,Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Empyema: Pus
What is Empyema? -
correct answer ✅Pus in the pleural space.
Treatment: Antimicrobial medications and DRAINAGE of pleural
space with chest tube.
What is bronchiectasis? -
correct answer ✅Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi by
DESTRUCTION OF THE ELASTIC OR MUSCULAR COMPONENTS OF
THE BRONCHIAL WALL OR LUMEN OBSTRUCTION.
What is Bronchitis? -
correct answer ✅Inflammation of the bronchial tubes - usually
caused by viruses.
What is bronchiolitis? -
correct answer ✅Diffuse inflammation of smallest airways or
bronchioles (which are located on the most distal end of bronchi
before the alveoli.
, Advanced Pathophysiology NURS
5350 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
What is asthma? How does genetics and environment play a role in
childhood asthma?WHa -
correct answer ✅Chronic inflammatory disorder of the bronchial
mucosa.
Causes bronchial hyper responsiveness, constriction of the airways
and variable airflow obstruction that is reversible.
Allergies are a key component as many attacks are due to allergic
response.
Childhood asthma: Genetics: genes that code for increased levels of
immune and inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IgE, and
leukotrienes).
What is COPD? -
correct answer ✅Airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
Usually progressive and associated with chronic bronchitis and
emphysema.
