RAD 140 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the centering for the lateral coccyx projection? - Answers - Perpendicular, 3.5"
(9 cm) posterior to ASIS and 2' (5cm) inferior
What are the breathing instructions for the lateral T-Spine projection? - Answers - Quiet
breathing and expiration
What should be demonstrated on a lateral T-Spine x-ray? - Answers - Thoracic bodies,
intervertebral disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, lower spinous processes, and ribs
superimposed
What is the CR centering for a lateral Lumbosacral spine using a 14x17 IR size? -
Answers - at level of iliac crest
What may happen if a rubber/lead sheet is not placed behind the patient when
performing a lateral spine projection? - Answers - underexposure
Define spina bifida - Answers - A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the
laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline.
Where is the CR centered for a AP Lumbosacral spine? - Answers - at level of iliac crest
(L4)
When are intervertebral foramina seen on a C-Spine x-ray? - Answers - 45 degree
oblique with a 15 degree tube angulation
Alternate name for C1? - Answers - atlas
Alternate name for C2? - Answers - axis
What projects from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? - Answers - transverse
process
Define HNP - Answers - herniated nucleus pulposus; rupture or prolapse of the nucleus
pulposus into the spinal canal
Alternate name HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus) - Answers - slip disk
What exits the intervertebral foramina? - Answers - spinal nerves and blood vessels
Define pedicel - Answers - short, thick processes that project posteriorly, one from each
side, from the superior and lateral parts of the posterior surface of the vertebral body
Define Scoliosis - Answers - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
, How many vertebrae are there at birth? - Answers - 33
How many vertebrae are in an adult vertebral column ? - Answers - 24
What are the functions of the spinal column? - Answers - Encloses and protects spinal
cord
Supports trunk and skull
Provides muscle attachment
When do you see z-joints in the C-spine? - Answers - lateral projection
What does the Fuchs method demonstrate? - Answers - AP projection dens lying within
foramen magnum
What is the CR angle for AP and PA axial C-Spine? - Answers - AP = 15-20 degrees
cephalad
PA = 15-20 degrees caudal
What are the breathing lateral C-Spine projection? - Answers - full expiration
What is the degree of obliquity for an AP axial oblique C-spine? - Answers - 45 degrees
What is the SID for an AP axial oblique C-spine? - Answers - 60-72 inches (152-183
cm)
What C-spine intervertebral foramina are seen in a PA oblique position? - Answers -
closest to the IR
What C-spine intervertebral foramina are seen in a AP oblique position? - Answers -
farthest from IR
When do you angle the CR 3-5 degrees caudal for a Swimmer's projection? - Answers -
When the shoulder not adjacent to the IR cannot be depressed sufficiently.
If the shoulder not adjacent to the IR cannot be depressed, what is the tube angulation?
- Answers - 3-5 degrees caudal
What is the space between the vertebral body and vertebral arch? - Answers -
intervertebral spaces
How many foramen does a cervical vertebrae have? - Answers - 3
When performing a Simmer's projection of the C-spine, what is the humerus placement?
- Answers - Extend arm closer to IR above head and rotate humeral head anteriorly
while simultaneously depressing the shoulder farthest from the IR posteriorly.
What is the centering for the lateral coccyx projection? - Answers - Perpendicular, 3.5"
(9 cm) posterior to ASIS and 2' (5cm) inferior
What are the breathing instructions for the lateral T-Spine projection? - Answers - Quiet
breathing and expiration
What should be demonstrated on a lateral T-Spine x-ray? - Answers - Thoracic bodies,
intervertebral disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, lower spinous processes, and ribs
superimposed
What is the CR centering for a lateral Lumbosacral spine using a 14x17 IR size? -
Answers - at level of iliac crest
What may happen if a rubber/lead sheet is not placed behind the patient when
performing a lateral spine projection? - Answers - underexposure
Define spina bifida - Answers - A congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the
laminae fail to unite posteriorly at the midline.
Where is the CR centered for a AP Lumbosacral spine? - Answers - at level of iliac crest
(L4)
When are intervertebral foramina seen on a C-Spine x-ray? - Answers - 45 degree
oblique with a 15 degree tube angulation
Alternate name for C1? - Answers - atlas
Alternate name for C2? - Answers - axis
What projects from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? - Answers - transverse
process
Define HNP - Answers - herniated nucleus pulposus; rupture or prolapse of the nucleus
pulposus into the spinal canal
Alternate name HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus) - Answers - slip disk
What exits the intervertebral foramina? - Answers - spinal nerves and blood vessels
Define pedicel - Answers - short, thick processes that project posteriorly, one from each
side, from the superior and lateral parts of the posterior surface of the vertebral body
Define Scoliosis - Answers - abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
, How many vertebrae are there at birth? - Answers - 33
How many vertebrae are in an adult vertebral column ? - Answers - 24
What are the functions of the spinal column? - Answers - Encloses and protects spinal
cord
Supports trunk and skull
Provides muscle attachment
When do you see z-joints in the C-spine? - Answers - lateral projection
What does the Fuchs method demonstrate? - Answers - AP projection dens lying within
foramen magnum
What is the CR angle for AP and PA axial C-Spine? - Answers - AP = 15-20 degrees
cephalad
PA = 15-20 degrees caudal
What are the breathing lateral C-Spine projection? - Answers - full expiration
What is the degree of obliquity for an AP axial oblique C-spine? - Answers - 45 degrees
What is the SID for an AP axial oblique C-spine? - Answers - 60-72 inches (152-183
cm)
What C-spine intervertebral foramina are seen in a PA oblique position? - Answers -
closest to the IR
What C-spine intervertebral foramina are seen in a AP oblique position? - Answers -
farthest from IR
When do you angle the CR 3-5 degrees caudal for a Swimmer's projection? - Answers -
When the shoulder not adjacent to the IR cannot be depressed sufficiently.
If the shoulder not adjacent to the IR cannot be depressed, what is the tube angulation?
- Answers - 3-5 degrees caudal
What is the space between the vertebral body and vertebral arch? - Answers -
intervertebral spaces
How many foramen does a cervical vertebrae have? - Answers - 3
When performing a Simmer's projection of the C-spine, what is the humerus placement?
- Answers - Extend arm closer to IR above head and rotate humeral head anteriorly
while simultaneously depressing the shoulder farthest from the IR posteriorly.
