RC 140 TEST 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Pharmacodynamics definition What are the roots of administration - Answers - what a
substance does to the body
pharmacokinetics definition and components - Answers - the movement of drugs
throughout the body
ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excertion)
Parenteral routes of administration - Answers - intravenous, intramuscular,
subcutaneous
enteral routes of administration - Answers - oral, sublingual, rectal, NG tube
other routes of administration - Answers - topical, transdermal, inhalation
What administration route results in the greatest bioavailability - Answers - intravenous
What factors affect drug distribution - Answers - blood flow, plasma protein binding,
permeability (between blood and tissues),
What is the primary mode for drug excretion - Answers - The kidneys
half life definition - Answers - the time taken for the plasma drug concentration to reduce
by 50%
what affects half life - Answers - individual rate of metabolism and excretion
brand/Trade name definition - Answers - This name identifies the drug during the years
that the company has exclusive rights to make, sell, and use it under patent law (patent
law is 20 years from phase 1)
A chemical substance marketed by several manufactures may have several trade
names
who/what assigns generic name? - Answers - The US adoptive names counsel
Chemical name definition - Answers - The scientific name based on compounds of
chemicals structures given when a new chemical entity is developed
Generic name definition - Answers - the generic name is commonly used to identify a
drug during its entire clinical lifetime
The term for a drug mixture that contains two different isomers - Answers - Racemic
, preclinical description - Answers - -animal testing
-pharmacologic and toxicologic studies
-results are reported to FDA
-If safe and effective an investigation new drug application is submitted
-One IND is approved phase 1 studies begin
Phase 1 description - Answers - -Drug testing on healthy human volunteers
- information is reported on safety pharmacologic effects and dose related side effects
Phase 2 description - Answers - -drug testing on patients with target condition
- studies are small scale and dose ranging
Phase 3a - Answers - -Large scale studies on target diseased patient population
- safety efficacy
-pharmacoeconomics
Phase 3b description - Answers - -side effects are looked at more closely through study
protocol modification
-study revisions may be made to include a larger population and or to increase study
controls
Phase 4 - Answers - - drugs may be sold under monitoring
-health care professionals are involved in larger scale/longer term research
-published results are provided to the medical community and public
-the FDA and research institutional review boards help insure the scientific process is
not altered by commercial institutions (who often sponsor the research)
What branch of the nervous system controls normal digestive process - Answers -
parasympathetic nervous system
Types of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors - Answers - adrenergic: Alpha, Beta1,
Beta2, dopamine
Cholinergic: Nicotinic and Muscarinic
Alpha receptor - Answers - -Excitatory adrenergic
- causes blood vessels to constrict
Beta 1 receptor - Answers - -Excitatory adrenergic
- increases heart rate and contractibility
Beta 2 receptor - Answers - -inhibitory adrenergic
- relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Dopamine - Answers - -inhibitory adrenergic
- relaxation of renal arteries
Pharmacodynamics definition What are the roots of administration - Answers - what a
substance does to the body
pharmacokinetics definition and components - Answers - the movement of drugs
throughout the body
ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excertion)
Parenteral routes of administration - Answers - intravenous, intramuscular,
subcutaneous
enteral routes of administration - Answers - oral, sublingual, rectal, NG tube
other routes of administration - Answers - topical, transdermal, inhalation
What administration route results in the greatest bioavailability - Answers - intravenous
What factors affect drug distribution - Answers - blood flow, plasma protein binding,
permeability (between blood and tissues),
What is the primary mode for drug excretion - Answers - The kidneys
half life definition - Answers - the time taken for the plasma drug concentration to reduce
by 50%
what affects half life - Answers - individual rate of metabolism and excretion
brand/Trade name definition - Answers - This name identifies the drug during the years
that the company has exclusive rights to make, sell, and use it under patent law (patent
law is 20 years from phase 1)
A chemical substance marketed by several manufactures may have several trade
names
who/what assigns generic name? - Answers - The US adoptive names counsel
Chemical name definition - Answers - The scientific name based on compounds of
chemicals structures given when a new chemical entity is developed
Generic name definition - Answers - the generic name is commonly used to identify a
drug during its entire clinical lifetime
The term for a drug mixture that contains two different isomers - Answers - Racemic
, preclinical description - Answers - -animal testing
-pharmacologic and toxicologic studies
-results are reported to FDA
-If safe and effective an investigation new drug application is submitted
-One IND is approved phase 1 studies begin
Phase 1 description - Answers - -Drug testing on healthy human volunteers
- information is reported on safety pharmacologic effects and dose related side effects
Phase 2 description - Answers - -drug testing on patients with target condition
- studies are small scale and dose ranging
Phase 3a - Answers - -Large scale studies on target diseased patient population
- safety efficacy
-pharmacoeconomics
Phase 3b description - Answers - -side effects are looked at more closely through study
protocol modification
-study revisions may be made to include a larger population and or to increase study
controls
Phase 4 - Answers - - drugs may be sold under monitoring
-health care professionals are involved in larger scale/longer term research
-published results are provided to the medical community and public
-the FDA and research institutional review boards help insure the scientific process is
not altered by commercial institutions (who often sponsor the research)
What branch of the nervous system controls normal digestive process - Answers -
parasympathetic nervous system
Types of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors - Answers - adrenergic: Alpha, Beta1,
Beta2, dopamine
Cholinergic: Nicotinic and Muscarinic
Alpha receptor - Answers - -Excitatory adrenergic
- causes blood vessels to constrict
Beta 1 receptor - Answers - -Excitatory adrenergic
- increases heart rate and contractibility
Beta 2 receptor - Answers - -inhibitory adrenergic
- relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
Dopamine - Answers - -inhibitory adrenergic
- relaxation of renal arteries
