CCRN ADULT ACTUAL EXAM LATEST 2026/2027 COMPLETE 480
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
When do coronary arteries get perfused? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - During
diastole
Systolic BP is an indirect measurement of ... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Cardiac
Output
Diastolic BP is an indirect measurement of ... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - SVR
What can cause a murmur - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - HF
CAD, MI
Dilated cardiomypoathy
degeneration
bicuspid aortic valve
genetics
rheumatic fever
infection
connective tissue diseases
What is preload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Preload, also known as the left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), is the amount of ventricular stretch at
the end of diastole. Think of it as the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of
the ventricles during systole. Some people remember this by using an analogy of a
Pg. 1
,balloon - blow air into the balloon and it stretches; the more air you blow in, the
greater the stretch.
What is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Afterload, also known as the
systemic vascular resistance (SVR), is the amount of resistance the heart must
overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood volume out into the
systemic circulation. If you think about the balloon analogy, afterload is
represented by the knot at the end of the balloon. To get the air out, the balloon
must work against that knot.
Why would you want to increase preload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - An increase
in preload allows for increased cardiac output via the Frank-Starling mechanism;
HOWEVER, in an already weak heart, this mechanism does not augment cardiac
output as much as it causes excessive hypervolemia, leading to peripheral edema
and pulmonary congestion seen in clinical heart failure
Why would you want to decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Afterload is
the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
(systolic pressure). The lower the afterload, the more blood the heart will eject
with each contraction.
What medications decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Beta 1 blockers
CCB
Diuretics
Vasodilators
Nitroglycerin
What medications decrease preload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Nitrates
Pg. 2
,Diuretics
S1 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - the first heart sound, heard when the
atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves close
Loudest at apex
Marks end of diastole, beginning of systole
S2 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - the second heart sound, heard when the semilunar
(aortic and pulmonic) valves close
Loudest at base
Marks end of diastole, beginning of systole
S3 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Rapid rush of blood into dilated ventricle
heard best at apex
HF - may occur before crackles
can also be associated with Pulmonary HTN and cor pulmonale
Mitral, aortic, or tricuspid insufficiency
S4 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Caused by atrial contraction of blood into a non
compliant ventricle
occurs right before s1
heard best at apex
stenosis
"Tennessee"
Pg. 3
, Narrowing Pulse Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - a decrease in systolic blood
pressure with little change or even an increase in diastolic blood pressure
most often seen with hypovolemia or a severe drop in cardiac output, severe
hypovolemia
Widening pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Decrease in diastolic BP that
widens pulse pressure - vasodilation, a drop in SVR - often seen in sepsis, septic
shock (100/38)
Mitral Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - back up of blood during systole
Mitral Stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hard to push blood through during
diastole
Tricuspid regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - back of blood during systole
Tricuspid stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hard to push blood through during
systole
Aortic regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diastolic murmur
Pulmonic Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diastolic murmur
arotic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - systolic murmur
Pg. 4
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) CURRENTLY UPDATED
VERSION |GUARANTEED PASS A+
When do coronary arteries get perfused? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - During
diastole
Systolic BP is an indirect measurement of ... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Cardiac
Output
Diastolic BP is an indirect measurement of ... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - SVR
What can cause a murmur - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - HF
CAD, MI
Dilated cardiomypoathy
degeneration
bicuspid aortic valve
genetics
rheumatic fever
infection
connective tissue diseases
What is preload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Preload, also known as the left
ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), is the amount of ventricular stretch at
the end of diastole. Think of it as the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of
the ventricles during systole. Some people remember this by using an analogy of a
Pg. 1
,balloon - blow air into the balloon and it stretches; the more air you blow in, the
greater the stretch.
What is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Afterload, also known as the
systemic vascular resistance (SVR), is the amount of resistance the heart must
overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood volume out into the
systemic circulation. If you think about the balloon analogy, afterload is
represented by the knot at the end of the balloon. To get the air out, the balloon
must work against that knot.
Why would you want to increase preload? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - An increase
in preload allows for increased cardiac output via the Frank-Starling mechanism;
HOWEVER, in an already weak heart, this mechanism does not augment cardiac
output as much as it causes excessive hypervolemia, leading to peripheral edema
and pulmonary congestion seen in clinical heart failure
Why would you want to decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Afterload is
the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
(systolic pressure). The lower the afterload, the more blood the heart will eject
with each contraction.
What medications decrease afterload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Beta 1 blockers
CCB
Diuretics
Vasodilators
Nitroglycerin
What medications decrease preload - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Nitrates
Pg. 2
,Diuretics
S1 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - the first heart sound, heard when the
atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves close
Loudest at apex
Marks end of diastole, beginning of systole
S2 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - the second heart sound, heard when the semilunar
(aortic and pulmonic) valves close
Loudest at base
Marks end of diastole, beginning of systole
S3 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Rapid rush of blood into dilated ventricle
heard best at apex
HF - may occur before crackles
can also be associated with Pulmonary HTN and cor pulmonale
Mitral, aortic, or tricuspid insufficiency
S4 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Caused by atrial contraction of blood into a non
compliant ventricle
occurs right before s1
heard best at apex
stenosis
"Tennessee"
Pg. 3
, Narrowing Pulse Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - a decrease in systolic blood
pressure with little change or even an increase in diastolic blood pressure
most often seen with hypovolemia or a severe drop in cardiac output, severe
hypovolemia
Widening pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - Decrease in diastolic BP that
widens pulse pressure - vasodilation, a drop in SVR - often seen in sepsis, septic
shock (100/38)
Mitral Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - back up of blood during systole
Mitral Stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hard to push blood through during
diastole
Tricuspid regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - back of blood during systole
Tricuspid stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hard to push blood through during
systole
Aortic regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diastolic murmur
Pulmonic Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diastolic murmur
arotic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - systolic murmur
Pg. 4
