PSY220 FINAL
A change in behaviour or belief due to real or
Conformity
imagined group pressure
Acceptance Public and private agreement with a group
Compliance Public agreement but private disagreement
Obedience Following a direct order or command
Informational social influence Conforming because others are seen as correct
Normative social influence Conforming to fit in or avoid rejection
Autokinetic effect Illusion of a moving light in a dark room
Sherif study Demonstrated acceptance under uncertainty
Demonstrated compliance despite obvious
Asch study
answers
Milgram study Demonstrated obedience to authority
Unanimity When everyone agrees, increasing conformity
Group size effect Conformity increases up to about 3–4 people
Expected behaviours based on position in a
Social roles
group
Gradual escalation Small steps leading to larger actions
Small request increases likelihood of larger
Foot-in-the-door
request
Reactance Motivation to regain threatened freedom
Mere presence Presence of others affects behaviour
Improved performance on easy tasks in
Social facilitation
presence of others
Dominant response Most likely or automatic behaviour
1/5
, Social loafing Exerting less effort in a group
Identifiability Being individually accountable for performance
Deindividuation Loss of self-awareness in group settings
Group norms Rules about expected behaviour in a group
Prosocial behaviour Behaviour intended to help others
Risky shift Groups make riskier decisions than individuals
Group polarization Group discussion strengthens existing attitudes
Poor decision-making due to pressure for
Groupthink
agreement
People who protect group from dissenting
Mindguards
opinions
Social exchange theory Helping based on cost-benefit analysis
Reciprocity norm Expectation to help those who help you
Social responsibility norm Expectation to help those in need
Empathy Ability to feel what others feel
Reduced likelihood of helping in presence of
Bystander effect
others
Diffusion of responsibility Responsibility is spread across group members
Misinterpreting others’ calm behaviour as no
Pluralistic ignorance
emergency
Need to belong Fundamental human desire for relationships
Proximity Physical or functional closeness between people
Mere exposure effect Increased liking due to repeated exposure
Similarity Attraction to people who are similar
Reciprocating liking Liking people who like you
Halo effect Attractive people assumed to have positive traits
Expectations lead to behaviour that confirms
Self-fulfilling prophecy
them
2/5
A change in behaviour or belief due to real or
Conformity
imagined group pressure
Acceptance Public and private agreement with a group
Compliance Public agreement but private disagreement
Obedience Following a direct order or command
Informational social influence Conforming because others are seen as correct
Normative social influence Conforming to fit in or avoid rejection
Autokinetic effect Illusion of a moving light in a dark room
Sherif study Demonstrated acceptance under uncertainty
Demonstrated compliance despite obvious
Asch study
answers
Milgram study Demonstrated obedience to authority
Unanimity When everyone agrees, increasing conformity
Group size effect Conformity increases up to about 3–4 people
Expected behaviours based on position in a
Social roles
group
Gradual escalation Small steps leading to larger actions
Small request increases likelihood of larger
Foot-in-the-door
request
Reactance Motivation to regain threatened freedom
Mere presence Presence of others affects behaviour
Improved performance on easy tasks in
Social facilitation
presence of others
Dominant response Most likely or automatic behaviour
1/5
, Social loafing Exerting less effort in a group
Identifiability Being individually accountable for performance
Deindividuation Loss of self-awareness in group settings
Group norms Rules about expected behaviour in a group
Prosocial behaviour Behaviour intended to help others
Risky shift Groups make riskier decisions than individuals
Group polarization Group discussion strengthens existing attitudes
Poor decision-making due to pressure for
Groupthink
agreement
People who protect group from dissenting
Mindguards
opinions
Social exchange theory Helping based on cost-benefit analysis
Reciprocity norm Expectation to help those who help you
Social responsibility norm Expectation to help those in need
Empathy Ability to feel what others feel
Reduced likelihood of helping in presence of
Bystander effect
others
Diffusion of responsibility Responsibility is spread across group members
Misinterpreting others’ calm behaviour as no
Pluralistic ignorance
emergency
Need to belong Fundamental human desire for relationships
Proximity Physical or functional closeness between people
Mere exposure effect Increased liking due to repeated exposure
Similarity Attraction to people who are similar
Reciprocating liking Liking people who like you
Halo effect Attractive people assumed to have positive traits
Expectations lead to behaviour that confirms
Self-fulfilling prophecy
them
2/5
