HK 340 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
A city wants to increase physical activity and launches THREE coordinated strategies: (1) a
neighborhood walking club led by volunteer peers, (2) new protected bike lanes connecting homes to
shops, and (3) an ordinance requiring new developments to include sidewalks and accessible
playgrounds. This multi-level approach best reflects:
a) Stimulus-Response Theory (consequences drive behavior)
b) The social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
c) Behavioral reactance (resisting being controlled)
d) Social facilitation (performing better when watched)
b) The social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
e) None of the above - Answers b) the social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
During a first spin class, Jordan feels embarrassed for struggling and says, "Maybe I don't belong
here." The instructor responds: "A lot of people feel that way at first - this is normal. You're
improving, and you're right where you should be." According to the social support types discussed in
class, this is best classified as:
a) Instrumental support
b) Informational support
c) Emotional support
d) Appraisal support
e) Social facilitation - Answers d) appraisal support
A researcher wants to measure social support for exercise. Which strategy best reflects measuring the
SIZE of a person's social network (rather than the amount/type of support they receive)?
a) Asking participants how often friends provide encouragement, advice, or practical help
b) Counting how many friends/family members the participant regularly interacts with who are
physically active
c) Using a scale that asks how often different sources (friends, family, providers) offer support
d) Interviewing participants about what support means to them and why it matters
e) None of the above - Answers b) counting how many friends/family members the participant
regularly interacts with who are physically active
In class, you learned that meta-analyses of quantitative studies show a SMALL but statistically
significant positive relationship between social support and physical activity, while qualitative studies
often describe social support as very important to exercisers. Which conclusion best matches the
'lesson' emphasized on the slides?
a) Qualitative research is not useful because it cannot estimate precise effects
b) Quantitative research is not useful because it cannot capture lived experience
c) The discrepancy suggests neither method alone is enough: quantitative tells us HOW MUCH,
qualitative helps explain WHY
d) The discrepancy proves social support is not actually related to physical activity
e) Meta-analyses and qualitative studies should never be used in the same research area - Answers c)
the disrepancy suggests neither method alone is enough: quantitative tells us HOW MUCH, qualitative
helps explain WHY
A town adds trees, flowers, and visually appealing architecture along a walking path to make it more
pleasant to use. In the built-environment framework discussed in class, these changes are best
categorized as:
a) Functional features
b) Safety features
c) Aesthetic features
d) Destination features
e) Policy features - Answers c) asthetic features
After a campus gym starts giving T-shirts to students who attend 10 workouts, Mariah's attendance
increases. What principle best explains this change?
A. Punishment
B. Extinction
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Negative reinforcement - Answers c) punishment reinforcement
, You need to estimate how much activity students did last week, but you're worried about recall and
social-desirability effects. Which method is most vulnerable to those biases?
A. Self-report questionnaire/log
B. GPS route tracing
C. Accelerometer
D. Heart-rate monitor - Answers a) self-report questionnaire/log
Which strategy most reliably boosts a newcomer's exercise self-efficacy?
A. Hearing a celebrity's pep talk
B. Watching a similar peer succeed
C. Remembering past, similar successes
D. Using calming music to reduce anxiety - Answers c) remembering past, similar success
Jamal feels confident exercising when nothing else is happening, but doubts he can fit workouts
around long shifts. Which type of self-efficacy is lowest?
A. Task self-efficacy
B. Coping/barriers self-efficacy
C. Scheduling self-efficacy
D. Proxy efficacy - Answers c) scheduling self-efficacy
According to the adult participation data shown, which statement is most accurate?
A. Only ~10% of adults are insufficiently active
B. ~35-55% of adults are insufficiently active
C. Insufficient activity is rare in the U.S. but common in England
D. Global definitions are identical, so country comparisons are simple - Answers b) ~35-55% of adults
are insufficiently active
You want to know where people are active around town. Which tool is best suited?
A. Pedometer
B. Accelerometer
C. Heart-rate monitor
D. GPS receiver/app - Answers d) GPS receiver/app
Which is a noted limitation of wearable measures of activity discussed in class?
A. They are immune to device error
B. They're always cheap and simple
C. They can be expensive, complex, and sometimes unreliable
D. They remove all need for participant compliance - Answers c) they can be expensive, complex, and
sometimes unreliable
Which activity best fits the class definition of sedentary behavior?
A. Reclining on the couch, awake, scrolling on a phone
B. Playing the cello seated for a concert
C. Using a wheelchair to commute to class
D. Standing at a desk while reading - Answers a) reclining on the couch, awake, scrolling on a phone
A worksite program adds small, immediate rewards in an exercise app to boost daily activity. In
lecture terms, this is best described as:
A. A drawback of SRT
B. Integrating SRT with behavioral economics via app design
C. A measure of barrier self-efficacy
D. A form of observational (direct) measurement - Answers b) integrating SRT with behavioral
economics via app design
Which item belongs on the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ)?
A. Minutes per day spent sitting at work
B. Times per week you do strenuous, moderate, and mild leisure-time exercise ≥15 min
C. Your average VO₂max over the last month
D. Exact heart-rate zones reached each workout - Answers b) times per week you do strenuous,
moderate, and mild leisure-time exercise greater than or equal to 15 min
According to the structure of personality, which level is the most basic and stable across situations?
A. Role-related behaviors
B. Typical responses
C. Personality core
D. Situational states - Answers c) personality core
A city wants to increase physical activity and launches THREE coordinated strategies: (1) a
neighborhood walking club led by volunteer peers, (2) new protected bike lanes connecting homes to
shops, and (3) an ordinance requiring new developments to include sidewalks and accessible
playgrounds. This multi-level approach best reflects:
a) Stimulus-Response Theory (consequences drive behavior)
b) The social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
c) Behavioral reactance (resisting being controlled)
d) Social facilitation (performing better when watched)
b) The social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
e) None of the above - Answers b) the social ecological model (multiple levels of influence)
During a first spin class, Jordan feels embarrassed for struggling and says, "Maybe I don't belong
here." The instructor responds: "A lot of people feel that way at first - this is normal. You're
improving, and you're right where you should be." According to the social support types discussed in
class, this is best classified as:
a) Instrumental support
b) Informational support
c) Emotional support
d) Appraisal support
e) Social facilitation - Answers d) appraisal support
A researcher wants to measure social support for exercise. Which strategy best reflects measuring the
SIZE of a person's social network (rather than the amount/type of support they receive)?
a) Asking participants how often friends provide encouragement, advice, or practical help
b) Counting how many friends/family members the participant regularly interacts with who are
physically active
c) Using a scale that asks how often different sources (friends, family, providers) offer support
d) Interviewing participants about what support means to them and why it matters
e) None of the above - Answers b) counting how many friends/family members the participant
regularly interacts with who are physically active
In class, you learned that meta-analyses of quantitative studies show a SMALL but statistically
significant positive relationship between social support and physical activity, while qualitative studies
often describe social support as very important to exercisers. Which conclusion best matches the
'lesson' emphasized on the slides?
a) Qualitative research is not useful because it cannot estimate precise effects
b) Quantitative research is not useful because it cannot capture lived experience
c) The discrepancy suggests neither method alone is enough: quantitative tells us HOW MUCH,
qualitative helps explain WHY
d) The discrepancy proves social support is not actually related to physical activity
e) Meta-analyses and qualitative studies should never be used in the same research area - Answers c)
the disrepancy suggests neither method alone is enough: quantitative tells us HOW MUCH, qualitative
helps explain WHY
A town adds trees, flowers, and visually appealing architecture along a walking path to make it more
pleasant to use. In the built-environment framework discussed in class, these changes are best
categorized as:
a) Functional features
b) Safety features
c) Aesthetic features
d) Destination features
e) Policy features - Answers c) asthetic features
After a campus gym starts giving T-shirts to students who attend 10 workouts, Mariah's attendance
increases. What principle best explains this change?
A. Punishment
B. Extinction
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Negative reinforcement - Answers c) punishment reinforcement
, You need to estimate how much activity students did last week, but you're worried about recall and
social-desirability effects. Which method is most vulnerable to those biases?
A. Self-report questionnaire/log
B. GPS route tracing
C. Accelerometer
D. Heart-rate monitor - Answers a) self-report questionnaire/log
Which strategy most reliably boosts a newcomer's exercise self-efficacy?
A. Hearing a celebrity's pep talk
B. Watching a similar peer succeed
C. Remembering past, similar successes
D. Using calming music to reduce anxiety - Answers c) remembering past, similar success
Jamal feels confident exercising when nothing else is happening, but doubts he can fit workouts
around long shifts. Which type of self-efficacy is lowest?
A. Task self-efficacy
B. Coping/barriers self-efficacy
C. Scheduling self-efficacy
D. Proxy efficacy - Answers c) scheduling self-efficacy
According to the adult participation data shown, which statement is most accurate?
A. Only ~10% of adults are insufficiently active
B. ~35-55% of adults are insufficiently active
C. Insufficient activity is rare in the U.S. but common in England
D. Global definitions are identical, so country comparisons are simple - Answers b) ~35-55% of adults
are insufficiently active
You want to know where people are active around town. Which tool is best suited?
A. Pedometer
B. Accelerometer
C. Heart-rate monitor
D. GPS receiver/app - Answers d) GPS receiver/app
Which is a noted limitation of wearable measures of activity discussed in class?
A. They are immune to device error
B. They're always cheap and simple
C. They can be expensive, complex, and sometimes unreliable
D. They remove all need for participant compliance - Answers c) they can be expensive, complex, and
sometimes unreliable
Which activity best fits the class definition of sedentary behavior?
A. Reclining on the couch, awake, scrolling on a phone
B. Playing the cello seated for a concert
C. Using a wheelchair to commute to class
D. Standing at a desk while reading - Answers a) reclining on the couch, awake, scrolling on a phone
A worksite program adds small, immediate rewards in an exercise app to boost daily activity. In
lecture terms, this is best described as:
A. A drawback of SRT
B. Integrating SRT with behavioral economics via app design
C. A measure of barrier self-efficacy
D. A form of observational (direct) measurement - Answers b) integrating SRT with behavioral
economics via app design
Which item belongs on the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ)?
A. Minutes per day spent sitting at work
B. Times per week you do strenuous, moderate, and mild leisure-time exercise ≥15 min
C. Your average VO₂max over the last month
D. Exact heart-rate zones reached each workout - Answers b) times per week you do strenuous,
moderate, and mild leisure-time exercise greater than or equal to 15 min
According to the structure of personality, which level is the most basic and stable across situations?
A. Role-related behaviors
B. Typical responses
C. Personality core
D. Situational states - Answers c) personality core
