Test Bank For Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, 11th Edition
Berman, ISBN 9780135428733 | All Chapters with Answers and Rationales
Fundamental Nursing Comprehensive Practice Review - 50 Questions | 2026/2027 Aligned
AACN Essentials Domains 1-4 | NCSBN NCJMM | QSEN Competencies | Evidence-Based Practice
Exam Structure: 50 MCQ | 5 Sections | 30% Recall | 50% Application | 20% Analysis
Question Style: 75% Scenario-Based Clinical Vignettes | 25% Direct Knowledge
Alignment: Kozier & Erb 11e | AACN Essentials | NCJMM | QSEN | NPA Standards
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Practice: History, Ethics, Legal Standards &
Professional Identity (Q1-Q10)
Q1: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing. Which of her contributions during
the Crimean War most fundamentally shaped professional nursing practice?
A. Establishing the first nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital
B. Applying statistical analysis to demonstrate that improved sanitation reduced mortality rates among
wounded soldiers [CORRECT]
C. Developing the first pharmacology reference for nursing students
D. Advocating for nurse practitioner autonomy in clinical decision-making
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale used data and statistics to prove that sanitation improvements dramatically reduced death rates,
establishing evidence-based practice as foundational to nursing. She established a school at St. Thomas' Hospital in
London, not Johns Hopkins.
Q2: A nursing student is studying the ANA Code of Ethics. Which provision addresses the nurse's primary
commitment to the patient?
A. Provision 1: The nurse practices with compassion and respect for inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes
of every person
B. Provision 2: The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group,
community, or population [CORRECT]
C. Provision 3: The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient
D. Provision 7: The nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession through research and scholarly inquiry
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ANA Code of Ethics Provision 2 explicitly states the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient. Provision 1
addresses respect for human dignity, Provision 3 addresses patient rights and safety, and Provision 7 addresses
advancing the profession through research.
Q3: A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient but the patient is unharmed. The nurse reports the
error through the hospital's incident reporting system. Which legal concept does this reporting demonstrate?
A. Negligence
B. Malpractice
C. Respondeat superior
D. Accountability and professional responsibility [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reporting errors demonstrates accountability and professional responsibility, which are ethical and legal
obligations. Negligence requires harm from a breach of duty, malpractice is professional negligence causing injury, and
respondeat superior holds employers liable for employee actions.
Q4: A patient with mild cognitive impairment verbally agrees to a minor procedure after the nurse explains it.
Which legal requirement must still be verified before proceeding?
, A. The patient has signed an advance directive
B. Informed consent was obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative [CORRECT]
C. The hospital's legal department has reviewed the case
D. The procedure is documented in the patient's electronic health record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent requires that the patient or their legally authorized representative receives adequate
information about the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing. A verbal agreement alone does not
constitute valid informed consent, especially for patients with cognitive impairment.
Q5: A nursing student asks about the difference between the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) and the ANA Scope and
Standards of Practice. Which statement is most accurate?
A. The NPA defines the legal scope of nursing practice in a state; the ANA Standards provide professional
performance expectations [CORRECT]
B. The NPA and ANA Standards are identical documents used interchangeably
C. The ANA Standards have legal authority; the NPA provides optional guidelines
D. The NPA applies only to advanced practice nurses; ANA Standards apply to LPNs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The NPA is a state law defining the legal boundaries of nursing practice, while ANA Standards are professional
guidelines establishing expectations for competent nursing practice. The NPA carries legal weight; ANA Standards define
professional excellence.
Q6: A nurse witnesses a colleague arrive for their shift appearing intoxicated. The colleague states they are
fine to work. Which action best fulfills the nurse's professional responsibility?
A. Allowing the colleague to work but monitoring their performance closely
B. Confronting the colleague privately and offering to cover part of their shift
C. Reporting the concern to the charge nurse or supervisor immediately to ensure patient safety
[CORRECT]
D. Waiting to see if the colleague makes a medication error before taking action
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety is the overriding priority. The nurse must report concerns about impaired practice to a supervisor
immediately. Allowing an impaired colleague to work jeopardizes patients, and waiting for an error means harm has
already occurred.
Q7: According to the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (NCJMM), which cognitive layer involves
recognizing and analyzing cues that deviate from expected norms?
A. Recognize Cues [CORRECT]
B. Analyze Cues
C. Prioritize Hypotheses
D. Generate Solutions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Recognize Cues layer involves identifying relevant clinical data, including deviations from expected
findings. Analyze Cues follows, comparing recognized data to standards. Prioritize Hypotheses and Generate Solutions
are subsequent NCJMM layers.
Q8: A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs. The patient is
competent and the physician has explained the consequences. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
A. Obtain a court order to override the patient's refusal
B. Respect the patient's autonomous decision and document the refusal [CORRECT]
C. Administer the transfusion while the patient is sleeping
D. Contact the patient's family to persuade the patient to accept the transfusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competent adults have the legal and ethical right to refuse treatment, including life-saving interventions. The
nurse must respect patient autonomy, document the informed refusal, and ensure the patient understands consequences
without coercion.
Q9: A new graduate nurse is unsure whether a task assigned by the charge nurse falls within their scope of
practice. Which resource should they consult first?
Berman, ISBN 9780135428733 | All Chapters with Answers and Rationales
Fundamental Nursing Comprehensive Practice Review - 50 Questions | 2026/2027 Aligned
AACN Essentials Domains 1-4 | NCSBN NCJMM | QSEN Competencies | Evidence-Based Practice
Exam Structure: 50 MCQ | 5 Sections | 30% Recall | 50% Application | 20% Analysis
Question Style: 75% Scenario-Based Clinical Vignettes | 25% Direct Knowledge
Alignment: Kozier & Erb 11e | AACN Essentials | NCJMM | QSEN | NPA Standards
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Practice: History, Ethics, Legal Standards &
Professional Identity (Q1-Q10)
Q1: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing. Which of her contributions during
the Crimean War most fundamentally shaped professional nursing practice?
A. Establishing the first nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital
B. Applying statistical analysis to demonstrate that improved sanitation reduced mortality rates among
wounded soldiers [CORRECT]
C. Developing the first pharmacology reference for nursing students
D. Advocating for nurse practitioner autonomy in clinical decision-making
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nightingale used data and statistics to prove that sanitation improvements dramatically reduced death rates,
establishing evidence-based practice as foundational to nursing. She established a school at St. Thomas' Hospital in
London, not Johns Hopkins.
Q2: A nursing student is studying the ANA Code of Ethics. Which provision addresses the nurse's primary
commitment to the patient?
A. Provision 1: The nurse practices with compassion and respect for inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes
of every person
B. Provision 2: The nurse's primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group,
community, or population [CORRECT]
C. Provision 3: The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient
D. Provision 7: The nurse, in all roles and settings, advances the profession through research and scholarly inquiry
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ANA Code of Ethics Provision 2 explicitly states the nurse's primary commitment is to the patient. Provision 1
addresses respect for human dignity, Provision 3 addresses patient rights and safety, and Provision 7 addresses
advancing the profession through research.
Q3: A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient but the patient is unharmed. The nurse reports the
error through the hospital's incident reporting system. Which legal concept does this reporting demonstrate?
A. Negligence
B. Malpractice
C. Respondeat superior
D. Accountability and professional responsibility [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reporting errors demonstrates accountability and professional responsibility, which are ethical and legal
obligations. Negligence requires harm from a breach of duty, malpractice is professional negligence causing injury, and
respondeat superior holds employers liable for employee actions.
Q4: A patient with mild cognitive impairment verbally agrees to a minor procedure after the nurse explains it.
Which legal requirement must still be verified before proceeding?
, A. The patient has signed an advance directive
B. Informed consent was obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative [CORRECT]
C. The hospital's legal department has reviewed the case
D. The procedure is documented in the patient's electronic health record
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informed consent requires that the patient or their legally authorized representative receives adequate
information about the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing. A verbal agreement alone does not
constitute valid informed consent, especially for patients with cognitive impairment.
Q5: A nursing student asks about the difference between the Nurse Practice Act (NPA) and the ANA Scope and
Standards of Practice. Which statement is most accurate?
A. The NPA defines the legal scope of nursing practice in a state; the ANA Standards provide professional
performance expectations [CORRECT]
B. The NPA and ANA Standards are identical documents used interchangeably
C. The ANA Standards have legal authority; the NPA provides optional guidelines
D. The NPA applies only to advanced practice nurses; ANA Standards apply to LPNs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The NPA is a state law defining the legal boundaries of nursing practice, while ANA Standards are professional
guidelines establishing expectations for competent nursing practice. The NPA carries legal weight; ANA Standards define
professional excellence.
Q6: A nurse witnesses a colleague arrive for their shift appearing intoxicated. The colleague states they are
fine to work. Which action best fulfills the nurse's professional responsibility?
A. Allowing the colleague to work but monitoring their performance closely
B. Confronting the colleague privately and offering to cover part of their shift
C. Reporting the concern to the charge nurse or supervisor immediately to ensure patient safety
[CORRECT]
D. Waiting to see if the colleague makes a medication error before taking action
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety is the overriding priority. The nurse must report concerns about impaired practice to a supervisor
immediately. Allowing an impaired colleague to work jeopardizes patients, and waiting for an error means harm has
already occurred.
Q7: According to the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (NCJMM), which cognitive layer involves
recognizing and analyzing cues that deviate from expected norms?
A. Recognize Cues [CORRECT]
B. Analyze Cues
C. Prioritize Hypotheses
D. Generate Solutions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Recognize Cues layer involves identifying relevant clinical data, including deviations from expected
findings. Analyze Cues follows, comparing recognized data to standards. Prioritize Hypotheses and Generate Solutions
are subsequent NCJMM layers.
Q8: A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs. The patient is
competent and the physician has explained the consequences. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?
A. Obtain a court order to override the patient's refusal
B. Respect the patient's autonomous decision and document the refusal [CORRECT]
C. Administer the transfusion while the patient is sleeping
D. Contact the patient's family to persuade the patient to accept the transfusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competent adults have the legal and ethical right to refuse treatment, including life-saving interventions. The
nurse must respect patient autonomy, document the informed refusal, and ensure the patient understands consequences
without coercion.
Q9: A new graduate nurse is unsure whether a task assigned by the charge nurse falls within their scope of
practice. Which resource should they consult first?
