HMI 103 WEEKS 2-4 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Anterior - Answers Front of the body
Posterior - Answers Back of the body
Superior - Answers Towards the head or upper part of the body
Inferior - Answers Towards the feet or lower part of the body
Medial - Answers Towards the midline of the body
Lateral - Answers Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answers Closer to the trunk or point of origin
Distal - Answers Further from the trunk or point of origin
Flexion - Answers Bending a joint to decrease the angle
Extension - Answers Straightening a joint to increase the angle
Pronation - Answers Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces down
Supination - Answers Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces up
Neutral position - Answers Thumb pointing upward between pronation and supination
PA projection - Answers X-ray beam enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly
AP projection - Answers X-ray beam enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly
Erect position - Answers Patient standing or sitting upright
Supine position - Answers Lying on the back
Prone position - Answers Lying on the stomach
Lateral position - Answers Side-on position
Oblique position - Answers Rotation between AP/PA and lateral (20-50 degrees)
Decubitus position - Answers Named for the surface the patient is lying on
Coronal plane - Answers Divides the body into anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane - Answers Divides the body into left and right
Axial plane - Answers Divides the body into superior and inferior
Sthenic body habitus - Answers Average body build
Hypersthenic body habitus - Answers Larger, wider body build
Hyposthenic body habitus - Answers Narrower than average body build
Asthenic body habitus - Answers Very slender body build
Forearm bones - Answers Radius and ulna
Elbow joint bones - Answers Humerus, radius, and ulna
Radial styloid - Answers Distal lateral projection of the radius
Ulnar styloid - Answers Distal projection of the ulna
Radial head - Answers Proximal radius articulating with capitulum
Radial neck - Answers Narrow region below the radial head
Radial tuberosity - Answers Biceps tendon attachment site
Olecranon - Answers Posterior proximal ulna forming the elbow tip
Coronoid process - Answers Anterior projection of the ulna
Trochlear notch - Answers U-shaped notch articulating with the trochlea
Capitulum - Answers Lateral distal humerus articulation
Trochlea - Answers Medial distal humerus articulation
Medial epicondyle - Answers Medial humeral projection for muscle attachment
Lateral epicondyle - Answers Lateral humeral projection for muscle attachment
CRITOE - Answers Mnemonic for paediatric elbow ossification order
Capitulum ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 1 year
Radial head ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 3 years
Medial condyle ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 5 years
Trochlea ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 7 years
Olecranon ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 9 years
Lateral condyle ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 11 years
Anterior fat pad - Answers Normal fat pad that elevates with effusion
Posterior fat pad - Answers Pathological if visible and indicates effusion
Sail sign - Answers Elevated anterior fat pad suggesting occult fracture
Occult fracture - Answers Fracture not directly visible on X-ray
Annular ligament - Answers Stabilises the radial head
Radial collateral ligament - Answers Lateral stabilising ligament of the elbow
Anterior - Answers Front of the body
Posterior - Answers Back of the body
Superior - Answers Towards the head or upper part of the body
Inferior - Answers Towards the feet or lower part of the body
Medial - Answers Towards the midline of the body
Lateral - Answers Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answers Closer to the trunk or point of origin
Distal - Answers Further from the trunk or point of origin
Flexion - Answers Bending a joint to decrease the angle
Extension - Answers Straightening a joint to increase the angle
Pronation - Answers Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces down
Supination - Answers Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces up
Neutral position - Answers Thumb pointing upward between pronation and supination
PA projection - Answers X-ray beam enters posteriorly and exits anteriorly
AP projection - Answers X-ray beam enters anteriorly and exits posteriorly
Erect position - Answers Patient standing or sitting upright
Supine position - Answers Lying on the back
Prone position - Answers Lying on the stomach
Lateral position - Answers Side-on position
Oblique position - Answers Rotation between AP/PA and lateral (20-50 degrees)
Decubitus position - Answers Named for the surface the patient is lying on
Coronal plane - Answers Divides the body into anterior and posterior
Sagittal plane - Answers Divides the body into left and right
Axial plane - Answers Divides the body into superior and inferior
Sthenic body habitus - Answers Average body build
Hypersthenic body habitus - Answers Larger, wider body build
Hyposthenic body habitus - Answers Narrower than average body build
Asthenic body habitus - Answers Very slender body build
Forearm bones - Answers Radius and ulna
Elbow joint bones - Answers Humerus, radius, and ulna
Radial styloid - Answers Distal lateral projection of the radius
Ulnar styloid - Answers Distal projection of the ulna
Radial head - Answers Proximal radius articulating with capitulum
Radial neck - Answers Narrow region below the radial head
Radial tuberosity - Answers Biceps tendon attachment site
Olecranon - Answers Posterior proximal ulna forming the elbow tip
Coronoid process - Answers Anterior projection of the ulna
Trochlear notch - Answers U-shaped notch articulating with the trochlea
Capitulum - Answers Lateral distal humerus articulation
Trochlea - Answers Medial distal humerus articulation
Medial epicondyle - Answers Medial humeral projection for muscle attachment
Lateral epicondyle - Answers Lateral humeral projection for muscle attachment
CRITOE - Answers Mnemonic for paediatric elbow ossification order
Capitulum ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 1 year
Radial head ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 3 years
Medial condyle ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 5 years
Trochlea ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 7 years
Olecranon ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 9 years
Lateral condyle ossification - Answers Appears at approximately 11 years
Anterior fat pad - Answers Normal fat pad that elevates with effusion
Posterior fat pad - Answers Pathological if visible and indicates effusion
Sail sign - Answers Elevated anterior fat pad suggesting occult fracture
Occult fracture - Answers Fracture not directly visible on X-ray
Annular ligament - Answers Stabilises the radial head
Radial collateral ligament - Answers Lateral stabilising ligament of the elbow
