PHM 104 Final Exam| Ques ons and answers | Updated
New 2026
prostacyclin deriva ves, endothelin antagonists, ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase, PDE5
inhibitors
drugs used to treat PAH
Uptravi
prostacyclin deriva ve
MOA of Uptravi
vasodila on, an prolifera ve, inhibit platelet aggrega on, an thrombo c, an -inflammatory
bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan (Letairis)
endothelin antagonists
MOA of endothelin antagonists
block endothelin A receptor, leading to vasodila on
cinaciguat, riociguat
ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase
MOA of ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase
s mulator of sGC, elevates nitric oxide, causing vasodila on
Viagra, Cialis
PDE5 ihibitors
MOA of PDE5 inhibitors
inhibit PDE5, increase cGMP levels
ivaca+or, tezca+or, lumaca+or
drugs used to treat CF
MOA of ivaca+or
poten ator of CFTR
MOA of tezca+or
,repairs misfolded components of CFTR
MOA of lumaca+or
"chaperone" func on prevents misfolding of CFTR proteins
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, an cholinergics
drugs used to treat COPD
roflumilast (Daliresp), cilomilast
PDE4 inhibitors
theophylline
nonselec ve PDE inhibitor
MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
an -inflammatory ac ons
MOA of roflumilast
weak bronchodilators that reduce inflamma on, crosses BBB
MOA of cilomilast
more powerful an -inflammatory than roflumilast, does not cross BBB
otropium (Spiriva), Tuzadora, revefenacin
an cholinergics
MOA of an cholinergics
bind to M3 receptor, causing mild bronchodila on and mucus volume reduc on
codeine, benzonatate, tetracaine, dextromethorphan
an tussives
MOA of codeine
work in the brain to suppress cough
MOA of benzonatate and tetracaine (local anesthe cs)
locally anesthe zes C fibers, blocks voltage gated sodium channels
MOA of dextromethorphan
, opiate agonist and NMDA antagonist
What drug does not cause false posi ves for opiates but will cause false posi ves for PCP?
dextromethorphan
uses of an histamines
hay fever, allergic rhini s, eczema, allergic conjunc vi s, sneezing, ur caria, allergic reac ons
caused by food allergies, insomnia, mo on sickness, Parkinson's
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, carbinoxamine
ethanolamine an histamines
Which an histamines have the highest an muscarinic/an cholinergic poten al and have the
greatest risk of sleepiness?
ethanolamine an histamines
uses of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
insomnia, mo on sickness, Parkinson's
Which drug is both an ethanolamine an histamine and 1st genera on an histamine?
diphenhydramine
True/False: 1st genera on an histamines do not cross the BBB.
False, 1st genera on an histamines cross the BBB.
True/False: 2nd genera on an histamines do not cross the BBB.
True
Which an histamines do not cross the BBB, have a lower toxicity a+er OD, and have a slow
dissocia on from the H1 receptor?
2nd genera on an histamines
What do 1st genera on an histamines and 2nd genera on an histamines have in common?
an cholinergic, an -serotonin, alpha receptor blocking
tripelenamine, pyrilamine
ethylenediamine an histamines
Which an histamines have greater specificity and greater somnolence?
New 2026
prostacyclin deriva ves, endothelin antagonists, ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase, PDE5
inhibitors
drugs used to treat PAH
Uptravi
prostacyclin deriva ve
MOA of Uptravi
vasodila on, an prolifera ve, inhibit platelet aggrega on, an thrombo c, an -inflammatory
bosentan, sitaxentan, ambrisentan (Letairis)
endothelin antagonists
MOA of endothelin antagonists
block endothelin A receptor, leading to vasodila on
cinaciguat, riociguat
ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase
MOA of ac vators of soluble guanylate cyclase
s mulator of sGC, elevates nitric oxide, causing vasodila on
Viagra, Cialis
PDE5 ihibitors
MOA of PDE5 inhibitors
inhibit PDE5, increase cGMP levels
ivaca+or, tezca+or, lumaca+or
drugs used to treat CF
MOA of ivaca+or
poten ator of CFTR
MOA of tezca+or
,repairs misfolded components of CFTR
MOA of lumaca+or
"chaperone" func on prevents misfolding of CFTR proteins
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, an cholinergics
drugs used to treat COPD
roflumilast (Daliresp), cilomilast
PDE4 inhibitors
theophylline
nonselec ve PDE inhibitor
MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
an -inflammatory ac ons
MOA of roflumilast
weak bronchodilators that reduce inflamma on, crosses BBB
MOA of cilomilast
more powerful an -inflammatory than roflumilast, does not cross BBB
otropium (Spiriva), Tuzadora, revefenacin
an cholinergics
MOA of an cholinergics
bind to M3 receptor, causing mild bronchodila on and mucus volume reduc on
codeine, benzonatate, tetracaine, dextromethorphan
an tussives
MOA of codeine
work in the brain to suppress cough
MOA of benzonatate and tetracaine (local anesthe cs)
locally anesthe zes C fibers, blocks voltage gated sodium channels
MOA of dextromethorphan
, opiate agonist and NMDA antagonist
What drug does not cause false posi ves for opiates but will cause false posi ves for PCP?
dextromethorphan
uses of an histamines
hay fever, allergic rhini s, eczema, allergic conjunc vi s, sneezing, ur caria, allergic reac ons
caused by food allergies, insomnia, mo on sickness, Parkinson's
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate, doxylamine, carbinoxamine
ethanolamine an histamines
Which an histamines have the highest an muscarinic/an cholinergic poten al and have the
greatest risk of sleepiness?
ethanolamine an histamines
uses of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
insomnia, mo on sickness, Parkinson's
Which drug is both an ethanolamine an histamine and 1st genera on an histamine?
diphenhydramine
True/False: 1st genera on an histamines do not cross the BBB.
False, 1st genera on an histamines cross the BBB.
True/False: 2nd genera on an histamines do not cross the BBB.
True
Which an histamines do not cross the BBB, have a lower toxicity a+er OD, and have a slow
dissocia on from the H1 receptor?
2nd genera on an histamines
What do 1st genera on an histamines and 2nd genera on an histamines have in common?
an cholinergic, an -serotonin, alpha receptor blocking
tripelenamine, pyrilamine
ethylenediamine an histamines
Which an histamines have greater specificity and greater somnolence?
