NUR 600 MODULE 5 EXAM – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
1. GERD pathophysiology involves which primary mechanism?
A. Increased gastric motility
B. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
C. Increased bile production
D. Decreased pancreatic enzymes
✔ Correct Answer: B. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Rationale: GERD occurs when the LES fails to close properly, allowing gastric acid to reflux into the
esophagus, causing inflammation and symptoms like heartburn.
2. What diagnostic test is most definitive for GERD confirmation?
A. Abdominal ultrasound
B. Endoscopy with biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring
C. Stool culture
D. KUB X-ray
✔ Correct Answer: B. Endoscopy with biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring
Rationale: Esophageal pH monitoring (normally near pH 7) and endoscopy confirm acid exposure and
mucosal damage.
3. Which lifestyle modification is MOST important for GERD management?
A. Increase fatty foods
B. Eat large meals before bed
C. Elevate head of bed and eat small frequent meals
D. Increase caffeine intake
✔ Correct Answer: C. Elevate head of bed and eat small frequent meals
Rationale: Elevation reduces reflux, and small meals prevent gastric overdistention.
4. First-line pharmacologic treatment for Type 2 Diabetes is:
,A. Insulin glargine
B. Metformin
C. Glipizide
D. Pioglitazone
✔ Correct Answer: B. Metformin
Rationale: Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity.
5. A major life-threatening adverse effect of metformin is:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic acidosis
C. Kidney stones
D. Hypertension
✔ Correct Answer: B. Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acid accumulation, especially in renal impairment.
6. First-line treatment for hypothyroidism is:
A. Methimazole
B. Levothyroxine
C. Propylthiouracil
D. Radioactive iodine
✔ Correct Answer: B. Levothyroxine
Rationale: Synthetic T4 replacement restores normal thyroid hormone levels.
7. Which medication is used to eradicate H. pylori infection?
A. Metformin
B. Triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin)
C. Insulin
D. Furosemide
✔ Correct Answer: B. Triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin)
Rationale: Combination therapy targets bacterial eradication and acid suppression.
, 8. If H. pylori persists after triple therapy, next step is:
A. Stop all medications
B. Quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole)
C. Increase antacids only
D. Surgery
✔ Correct Answer: B. Quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole)
Rationale: Resistant infections require broader antimicrobial coverage.
9. First-line therapy for C. difficile infection is:
A. Amoxicillin
B. Metronidazole or oral vancomycin
C. Ibuprofen
D. Ciprofloxacin only
✔ Correct Answer: B. Metronidazole or oral vancomycin
Rationale: These agents target C. difficile effectively in the gut.
10. Which medication is used for acute hypothyroidism complications?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Insulin
C. Metoprolol
D. Albuterol
✔ Correct Answer: A. Levothyroxine
Rationale: Restores thyroid hormone levels in deficiency states.
11. First-line treatment for type 1 diabetes is:
A. Metformin
B. Insulin glargine
C. Glipizide
D. Acarbose
UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
1. GERD pathophysiology involves which primary mechanism?
A. Increased gastric motility
B. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
C. Increased bile production
D. Decreased pancreatic enzymes
✔ Correct Answer: B. Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Rationale: GERD occurs when the LES fails to close properly, allowing gastric acid to reflux into the
esophagus, causing inflammation and symptoms like heartburn.
2. What diagnostic test is most definitive for GERD confirmation?
A. Abdominal ultrasound
B. Endoscopy with biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring
C. Stool culture
D. KUB X-ray
✔ Correct Answer: B. Endoscopy with biopsy and esophageal pH monitoring
Rationale: Esophageal pH monitoring (normally near pH 7) and endoscopy confirm acid exposure and
mucosal damage.
3. Which lifestyle modification is MOST important for GERD management?
A. Increase fatty foods
B. Eat large meals before bed
C. Elevate head of bed and eat small frequent meals
D. Increase caffeine intake
✔ Correct Answer: C. Elevate head of bed and eat small frequent meals
Rationale: Elevation reduces reflux, and small meals prevent gastric overdistention.
4. First-line pharmacologic treatment for Type 2 Diabetes is:
,A. Insulin glargine
B. Metformin
C. Glipizide
D. Pioglitazone
✔ Correct Answer: B. Metformin
Rationale: Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity.
5. A major life-threatening adverse effect of metformin is:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Lactic acidosis
C. Kidney stones
D. Hypertension
✔ Correct Answer: B. Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acid accumulation, especially in renal impairment.
6. First-line treatment for hypothyroidism is:
A. Methimazole
B. Levothyroxine
C. Propylthiouracil
D. Radioactive iodine
✔ Correct Answer: B. Levothyroxine
Rationale: Synthetic T4 replacement restores normal thyroid hormone levels.
7. Which medication is used to eradicate H. pylori infection?
A. Metformin
B. Triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin)
C. Insulin
D. Furosemide
✔ Correct Answer: B. Triple therapy (PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin)
Rationale: Combination therapy targets bacterial eradication and acid suppression.
, 8. If H. pylori persists after triple therapy, next step is:
A. Stop all medications
B. Quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole)
C. Increase antacids only
D. Surgery
✔ Correct Answer: B. Quadruple therapy (PPI + bismuth + tetracycline + metronidazole)
Rationale: Resistant infections require broader antimicrobial coverage.
9. First-line therapy for C. difficile infection is:
A. Amoxicillin
B. Metronidazole or oral vancomycin
C. Ibuprofen
D. Ciprofloxacin only
✔ Correct Answer: B. Metronidazole or oral vancomycin
Rationale: These agents target C. difficile effectively in the gut.
10. Which medication is used for acute hypothyroidism complications?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Insulin
C. Metoprolol
D. Albuterol
✔ Correct Answer: A. Levothyroxine
Rationale: Restores thyroid hormone levels in deficiency states.
11. First-line treatment for type 1 diabetes is:
A. Metformin
B. Insulin glargine
C. Glipizide
D. Acarbose
