MCB 100 UIUC Final Exam (Exam 4) UPDATED ACTUAL Questions And Correct
Answers
C
Terms in this set (231)
The microbial growth curve has four phases: lag, log, The log phase
stationary, and death. If a chemical could prevent
microbial cell division, in which phase of growth would it
be most effective?
Considering the cell structure of mycoplasmas and other Gram-positive bacteria
bacteria that stain either Gram negative, Gram positive, or
with acid-fast stains, which group should you expect
relies most on the presence of peptidoglycan for
strength?
What is the function of tRNA during the process of tRNA brings amino acids to a growing chain of amino acids in ribosomes
translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of a 50S large and a 30S small subunit, while
eukaryotic ribosomes? eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a 60S large and a 40S small subunit.
Match the following descriptions of cellular structures Archaea: Hami, Protein cell wall
with the type of cell in which they are found. Bacteria: Peptidoglycan cell wall
Eukaryotes: Organelles, 80S ribosome in cytosol
Dr. Paul Ehrlich observed that the differential stain Ribosome and Cell wall
developed by Dr. Gram suggested bacteria could be
killed differentially by chemicals (Chapter 1). He called
these potential antibacterial agents "magic bullets".
Which among the following cell features of bacteria are
potential targets for Dr. Ehrlich's "magic bullets" due to
significant difference or absence from humans? Choose
all that apply.
Bacterial Structures... Label the structures of this bacterial (From left to right)
cell. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective DNA, Ribosome, Glycocalyx, Cell wall, Cytoplasmic Membrane
locations.
The _______ is a defining characteristic of bacteria which Peptidoglycan cell wall
is not found in eukaryotes and is therefore a good choice
for chemotherapeutic agents.
View Available Hint(s)
The cytosol of bacteria contain ________ which has/have 70S ribosomes
components different from those of the functionally
equivalent structure of eukaryotes.
View Available Hint(s)
, What is meant by selective toxicity? Chemotherapeutic agents should act against the pathogen and not the host.
Why are chemotherapeutic agents that work on the Humans and other animal hosts lack peptidoglycan cell walls.
peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria a good choice of
drug?
Why is polymyxin only used on the skin? It can also damage living human cell membranes, but the drug is safely used on
the skin, where the outer layers of cells are dead.
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones act against what DNA gyrase
bacterial target?
Why is it difficult to find good chemotherapeutic agents Viruses depend on the host cell's machinery, so it is hard to find a viral target that
against viruses? would leave the host cell unaffected.
Why do the beta-lactam drugs affect bacteria but NOT The beta-lactam antibiotics act on bacterial cell walls; human cells do not have
human cells? cell walls.
A drug such as imipenem is chemically modified from Semi-synthetics
penicillin. What are non-natural drugs developed from
natural drugs called?
Typically, beta-lactam drugs affect the peptidoglycan The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan component.
layer on bacteria. Why would beta-lactam drugs typically
be considered more active against Gram-positive
bacteria and less so against Gram-negative bacteria?
What effect does penicillin have on susceptible bacterial Penicillin disrupts cell wall synthesis.
cells?
An antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Bacterial cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.
will result in which of the following?
Classical pasteurization heats the fluid to about ___∘∘С for 63/30 minutes
a time of about___
Geogemma barossii is a hyperthermophilic archaeon that Nothing
grows near hydrothermal vents in the ocean at
temperatures as high as 121∘∘С. What effect would
standard autoclaving have on this microbe?
Boiling for ten minutes does not kill ___ Endospores
Heating a broth culture of microorganisms to 140∘∘C for Sterilize
three seconds would ___ the culture.
It has been determined that the temperature in an 121 degrees Celsius
autoclave should reach _____ for sterilization.
What role does pressure play in an autoclave? Pressure is applied to boiling water to prevent heat from escaping as steam.
Answers
C
Terms in this set (231)
The microbial growth curve has four phases: lag, log, The log phase
stationary, and death. If a chemical could prevent
microbial cell division, in which phase of growth would it
be most effective?
Considering the cell structure of mycoplasmas and other Gram-positive bacteria
bacteria that stain either Gram negative, Gram positive, or
with acid-fast stains, which group should you expect
relies most on the presence of peptidoglycan for
strength?
What is the function of tRNA during the process of tRNA brings amino acids to a growing chain of amino acids in ribosomes
translation?
What is the difference between prokaryotic and Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of a 50S large and a 30S small subunit, while
eukaryotic ribosomes? eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a 60S large and a 40S small subunit.
Match the following descriptions of cellular structures Archaea: Hami, Protein cell wall
with the type of cell in which they are found. Bacteria: Peptidoglycan cell wall
Eukaryotes: Organelles, 80S ribosome in cytosol
Dr. Paul Ehrlich observed that the differential stain Ribosome and Cell wall
developed by Dr. Gram suggested bacteria could be
killed differentially by chemicals (Chapter 1). He called
these potential antibacterial agents "magic bullets".
Which among the following cell features of bacteria are
potential targets for Dr. Ehrlich's "magic bullets" due to
significant difference or absence from humans? Choose
all that apply.
Bacterial Structures... Label the structures of this bacterial (From left to right)
cell. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective DNA, Ribosome, Glycocalyx, Cell wall, Cytoplasmic Membrane
locations.
The _______ is a defining characteristic of bacteria which Peptidoglycan cell wall
is not found in eukaryotes and is therefore a good choice
for chemotherapeutic agents.
View Available Hint(s)
The cytosol of bacteria contain ________ which has/have 70S ribosomes
components different from those of the functionally
equivalent structure of eukaryotes.
View Available Hint(s)
, What is meant by selective toxicity? Chemotherapeutic agents should act against the pathogen and not the host.
Why are chemotherapeutic agents that work on the Humans and other animal hosts lack peptidoglycan cell walls.
peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria a good choice of
drug?
Why is polymyxin only used on the skin? It can also damage living human cell membranes, but the drug is safely used on
the skin, where the outer layers of cells are dead.
Quinolones and fluoroquinolones act against what DNA gyrase
bacterial target?
Why is it difficult to find good chemotherapeutic agents Viruses depend on the host cell's machinery, so it is hard to find a viral target that
against viruses? would leave the host cell unaffected.
Why do the beta-lactam drugs affect bacteria but NOT The beta-lactam antibiotics act on bacterial cell walls; human cells do not have
human cells? cell walls.
A drug such as imipenem is chemically modified from Semi-synthetics
penicillin. What are non-natural drugs developed from
natural drugs called?
Typically, beta-lactam drugs affect the peptidoglycan The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan component.
layer on bacteria. Why would beta-lactam drugs typically
be considered more active against Gram-positive
bacteria and less so against Gram-negative bacteria?
What effect does penicillin have on susceptible bacterial Penicillin disrupts cell wall synthesis.
cells?
An antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Bacterial cells become more susceptible to osmotic pressure.
will result in which of the following?
Classical pasteurization heats the fluid to about ___∘∘С for 63/30 minutes
a time of about___
Geogemma barossii is a hyperthermophilic archaeon that Nothing
grows near hydrothermal vents in the ocean at
temperatures as high as 121∘∘С. What effect would
standard autoclaving have on this microbe?
Boiling for ten minutes does not kill ___ Endospores
Heating a broth culture of microorganisms to 140∘∘C for Sterilize
three seconds would ___ the culture.
It has been determined that the temperature in an 121 degrees Celsius
autoclave should reach _____ for sterilization.
What role does pressure play in an autoclave? Pressure is applied to boiling water to prevent heat from escaping as steam.
