BIOL 10160 UNE- Immunology Final
Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
A discontinuous epitope
A: Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of
B: Consists of ~30 amino acids
C: Has multivalent antigens
D: Must be part of a protein
E: Must be part of a nucleic acid - Answer Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of
All of the following are true of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT
A: They can be used to label cells
B: They can be used as therapeutics
C: They have a single antigen binding site
D: They are produced from cancerous cells
E: They are used to define a cluster of differentiation - Answer They have a single antigen
binding site
Chimeric antibodies
A: Have mouse genetics in the V domains and human genetics in the C domains
B: Have mouse genetics in the V and the C domains
C: Have human genetics in the V and the C domains
D: Have human genetics in the V domains and mouse genetics in the C domains - Answer
Have mouse genetics in the V domains and human genetics in the C domains
Hypervariable loops
A: Exist in pairs of 3's because of homodimerization
B: Are located at the interface between the V and C Ig domains
C: Connect the antigen binding beta strands of the V domain
D: Are highly conserved within a species
,E: Are also known as CDR loops - Answer Are also known as CDR loops
The "ab" in "Fab" stands for
A: Antigen Binding
B: Antibody ᅞ
C: Affinity blotting
D: Absolute
E: Aerosolizable - Answer Antigen Binding
Which of the following lacks flexible polypeptides between the Fab and Fc regions?
A: D
B: M
C: G
D: A - Answer M
An IgG molecule has approximately how many amino acids?
A: 50
B: 110
C: 500
D: 1200
E: 5500 - Answer 1200
All of the following are true of Type I interferons IFN-alpha and IFN-beta EXCEPT:
A: They can directly interfere with viral replication
B: They can act in both an autocrine and a paracrine fashion
C: They suppress NK cell cytotoxicity
D: They are produced in large quantities by plamacytoid dendritic cells
E: They are cytokines - Answer They suppress NK cell cytotoxicity
Acute phase proteins include
,A: Azurophilic granules
B: Antibodies
C: C-reactive protein
D: IL-1beta receptor
E: Neutrophil lysozyme - Answer C-reactive protein
A major component of netosis is
A: The death of natural killer cells
B: Negatively-charged macrophage proteins
C: The clearing of intracellular viral infection
D: Chromatin
E: Viral transcription - Answer Chromatin
Sialyl Lewis-X (s-LeX) is
A: A ligand for the CXCL8 chemokine receptor
B: A ligand for selectins
C: Another name for ICAM-1
D: The preferred means to dissolve basement membrane
E: The primary mediator of neutrophil tight binding and diapedesis - Answer A ligand for
selectins
All of the following are true of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) EXCEPT:
A: TLR pathogen recognition may be extracellular or intracellular
B: TLR genes are recombined in macrophages to increase TLR diversity
C: TLR4 homodimer can recognize Gram-negative bacteria
D: TLR signaling leads to a kinase cascade
E: TLR signaling leads to gene expression - Answer TLR genes are recombined in
macrophages to increase TLR diversity
With regard to a particular normal, healthy human:
A: Lectins are polymers of simple carbohydrates
, B: One natural killer cell may have altered genetics relative to another
C: A neutrophil will regenerate its granules after combatting infection
D: Natural killer cells induce necrosis in virus-infected epithelium
E: One macrophage may express different innate immune receptors than another - Answer
One macrophage may express different innate immune receptors than another
The alternative pathway of complement
A: Requires hydrolysis of C5 to C5a and C5b
B: Relies on covalent attachment of C3b to pathogens
C: Is activated by an epimer of glucose
D: Is initiated by antibodies
E: Is highly selective for amino groups on pathogens - Answer Relies on covalent attachment
of C3b to pathogens
Opsonization may involve
A: CD59
B: C9 polymerization
C: C3
D: HRF
E: DAF - Answer C3
A serine protease
A: Catalyzes oxidation of serine sidechains
B: May be a complement protein
C: Catalyzes reduction of serine sidechains
D: Forms a thioester
E: Is a specialized type of nucleic acid - Answer May be a complement protein
A zymogen
A: Changes the equilibrium constant of a reaction
B: Is a kinase
Test Questions and All Correct
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
A discontinuous epitope
A: Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of
B: Consists of ~30 amino acids
C: Has multivalent antigens
D: Must be part of a protein
E: Must be part of a nucleic acid - Answer Depends on the fold of the protein it is part of
All of the following are true of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT
A: They can be used to label cells
B: They can be used as therapeutics
C: They have a single antigen binding site
D: They are produced from cancerous cells
E: They are used to define a cluster of differentiation - Answer They have a single antigen
binding site
Chimeric antibodies
A: Have mouse genetics in the V domains and human genetics in the C domains
B: Have mouse genetics in the V and the C domains
C: Have human genetics in the V and the C domains
D: Have human genetics in the V domains and mouse genetics in the C domains - Answer
Have mouse genetics in the V domains and human genetics in the C domains
Hypervariable loops
A: Exist in pairs of 3's because of homodimerization
B: Are located at the interface between the V and C Ig domains
C: Connect the antigen binding beta strands of the V domain
D: Are highly conserved within a species
,E: Are also known as CDR loops - Answer Are also known as CDR loops
The "ab" in "Fab" stands for
A: Antigen Binding
B: Antibody ᅞ
C: Affinity blotting
D: Absolute
E: Aerosolizable - Answer Antigen Binding
Which of the following lacks flexible polypeptides between the Fab and Fc regions?
A: D
B: M
C: G
D: A - Answer M
An IgG molecule has approximately how many amino acids?
A: 50
B: 110
C: 500
D: 1200
E: 5500 - Answer 1200
All of the following are true of Type I interferons IFN-alpha and IFN-beta EXCEPT:
A: They can directly interfere with viral replication
B: They can act in both an autocrine and a paracrine fashion
C: They suppress NK cell cytotoxicity
D: They are produced in large quantities by plamacytoid dendritic cells
E: They are cytokines - Answer They suppress NK cell cytotoxicity
Acute phase proteins include
,A: Azurophilic granules
B: Antibodies
C: C-reactive protein
D: IL-1beta receptor
E: Neutrophil lysozyme - Answer C-reactive protein
A major component of netosis is
A: The death of natural killer cells
B: Negatively-charged macrophage proteins
C: The clearing of intracellular viral infection
D: Chromatin
E: Viral transcription - Answer Chromatin
Sialyl Lewis-X (s-LeX) is
A: A ligand for the CXCL8 chemokine receptor
B: A ligand for selectins
C: Another name for ICAM-1
D: The preferred means to dissolve basement membrane
E: The primary mediator of neutrophil tight binding and diapedesis - Answer A ligand for
selectins
All of the following are true of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) EXCEPT:
A: TLR pathogen recognition may be extracellular or intracellular
B: TLR genes are recombined in macrophages to increase TLR diversity
C: TLR4 homodimer can recognize Gram-negative bacteria
D: TLR signaling leads to a kinase cascade
E: TLR signaling leads to gene expression - Answer TLR genes are recombined in
macrophages to increase TLR diversity
With regard to a particular normal, healthy human:
A: Lectins are polymers of simple carbohydrates
, B: One natural killer cell may have altered genetics relative to another
C: A neutrophil will regenerate its granules after combatting infection
D: Natural killer cells induce necrosis in virus-infected epithelium
E: One macrophage may express different innate immune receptors than another - Answer
One macrophage may express different innate immune receptors than another
The alternative pathway of complement
A: Requires hydrolysis of C5 to C5a and C5b
B: Relies on covalent attachment of C3b to pathogens
C: Is activated by an epimer of glucose
D: Is initiated by antibodies
E: Is highly selective for amino groups on pathogens - Answer Relies on covalent attachment
of C3b to pathogens
Opsonization may involve
A: CD59
B: C9 polymerization
C: C3
D: HRF
E: DAF - Answer C3
A serine protease
A: Catalyzes oxidation of serine sidechains
B: May be a complement protein
C: Catalyzes reduction of serine sidechains
D: Forms a thioester
E: Is a specialized type of nucleic acid - Answer May be a complement protein
A zymogen
A: Changes the equilibrium constant of a reaction
B: Is a kinase
