UNE Cell -Biology Midterm Study
Guide Exam and All Correct Answers
3 domains of living organisms - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Bacteria Domain - Answer Prokaryotes, cell walls have peptidoglycan, can be autotrophic or
heterotrophic (i.e. E. coli)
Archaea Domain - Answer Prokaryotic, single-celled, live in extreme environments, hetero
and autotrophic (i.e. Methanogens)
Eukarya Domain - Answer domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus; includes
protists, plants, fungi, and animals (i.e. Humans)
Emergent properties of life - Answer All living organisms share several
characteristics/functions: growth and development, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis,
response to stimuli, adaptation, energy processing
Level of organization - Answer atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
Examples of each level of organization - Answer - Hydrogen (atom)
- Water / H2O (molecule)
- Carbohydrates (macromolecule)
- Nucleus (organelle)
- Red Blood Cell (cell)
- Cardiac tissue (tissue)
- Heart (organ)
- Circulatory system (organ system)
- Human (organism)
Theory - Answer Well established explanation for a phenomenon, supported by substantial
evidence from multiple experiments
Hypothesis - Answer Proposed explanation that is still being tested and can be considered an
educated guess based on observations
, Experiment - Answer Controlled procedure designed to test a hypothesis and gather data to
support or refute it
5 components of a controlled experiment based on scientific method - Answer 1. Define the
problem
2. Make observations
3. Form hypothesis
4. Conduct experiment
5. Draw conclusion
Matter - Answer Anything that has mass and takes up space; composed of atoms
Elements - Answer A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical or physical means (i.e. hydrogen, oxygen)
Atoms - Answer smallest unit of matter
Compounds - Answer 2 or more elements chemically combined; molecules are made up of
different types of atoms
Molecules - Answer Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Covalent bonds form when - Answer Two atoms share one or more electrons
Ionic bonds involve - Answer transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating
charged ions (cations, anions)
Hydrogen bonds are - Answer - weaker interactions
- partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to partially negative atom on another molecule
Properties of water - Answer cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, high heat of
vaporization, less dense as a solid, ability to dissolve polar molecules
pH - Answer a measure of how acidic/basic water is
- 0-14, 7 neutral
- <7 acidic
- >7 basic
Guide Exam and All Correct Answers
3 domains of living organisms - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Bacteria Domain - Answer Prokaryotes, cell walls have peptidoglycan, can be autotrophic or
heterotrophic (i.e. E. coli)
Archaea Domain - Answer Prokaryotic, single-celled, live in extreme environments, hetero
and autotrophic (i.e. Methanogens)
Eukarya Domain - Answer domain consisting of all organisms that have a nucleus; includes
protists, plants, fungi, and animals (i.e. Humans)
Emergent properties of life - Answer All living organisms share several
characteristics/functions: growth and development, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis,
response to stimuli, adaptation, energy processing
Level of organization - Answer atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
Examples of each level of organization - Answer - Hydrogen (atom)
- Water / H2O (molecule)
- Carbohydrates (macromolecule)
- Nucleus (organelle)
- Red Blood Cell (cell)
- Cardiac tissue (tissue)
- Heart (organ)
- Circulatory system (organ system)
- Human (organism)
Theory - Answer Well established explanation for a phenomenon, supported by substantial
evidence from multiple experiments
Hypothesis - Answer Proposed explanation that is still being tested and can be considered an
educated guess based on observations
, Experiment - Answer Controlled procedure designed to test a hypothesis and gather data to
support or refute it
5 components of a controlled experiment based on scientific method - Answer 1. Define the
problem
2. Make observations
3. Form hypothesis
4. Conduct experiment
5. Draw conclusion
Matter - Answer Anything that has mass and takes up space; composed of atoms
Elements - Answer A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by
chemical or physical means (i.e. hydrogen, oxygen)
Atoms - Answer smallest unit of matter
Compounds - Answer 2 or more elements chemically combined; molecules are made up of
different types of atoms
Molecules - Answer Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Covalent bonds form when - Answer Two atoms share one or more electrons
Ionic bonds involve - Answer transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating
charged ions (cations, anions)
Hydrogen bonds are - Answer - weaker interactions
- partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to partially negative atom on another molecule
Properties of water - Answer cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, high heat of
vaporization, less dense as a solid, ability to dissolve polar molecules
pH - Answer a measure of how acidic/basic water is
- 0-14, 7 neutral
- <7 acidic
- >7 basic
