Navigation (NIFE) Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
Dead Reckoning - ✔✔Directing an aircraft and determining its position by the application of direction
and speed data from a previous position. (Basis)
Four components of DR - ✔✔Position, Time, Speed, Direction
Position - ✔✔Latitude and Longitude
Talk about latitudes - ✔✔(Parallels)
Run East to West (go left to right)
Equi-Distant
Measured North to South (like a ladder)
Talk about Longitudes - ✔✔(Meridians)
Run North to South
Non Equi-Distant
Measured East to West (0-180)
Direction - ✔✔Angular distance from a reference (0-360)
Reference angle can be true or magnetic north
Speed - ✔✔Distance traveled per time
Nautical miles per hour (knots)
Time - ✔✔Time of Day
Elapsed Time (hours/mins, or, mins/seconds)
Also:
, ETD, ETA (four-digit format)
ETE (elapsed time)
Aircrew's Primary Instrument for determining direction in the cockpit - ✔✔Remote Gyro Vertical
Compass Card
Bearing Distance Heading Indicator (BDHI)
Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI)
[all same thing]
[in modern aircraft]
Inertial Navigation System (INS)
Ring Laser Gyro (RLG)
Standby compass? - ✔✔Wet compass
MEAT - ✔✔Mag -> True, Add East
True -> Mag, Add West
True Course vs True Heading vs Mag Course vs Mag Heading - ✔✔True Course: measured off chart w/
plotter
True Heading: TC corrected for winds
Mag Course: TC corrected for mag variation
Mag Heading: TH corrected for mag var
Compass Heading: MH corrected for mag dev
Three Primary DR Instruments - ✔✔BDHI/Remote Gyro vertical compass card (direction and position)
Clock (time)
Airspeed Indicator (speed)
Dead Reckoning - ✔✔Directing an aircraft and determining its position by the application of direction
and speed data from a previous position. (Basis)
Four components of DR - ✔✔Position, Time, Speed, Direction
Position - ✔✔Latitude and Longitude
Talk about latitudes - ✔✔(Parallels)
Run East to West (go left to right)
Equi-Distant
Measured North to South (like a ladder)
Talk about Longitudes - ✔✔(Meridians)
Run North to South
Non Equi-Distant
Measured East to West (0-180)
Direction - ✔✔Angular distance from a reference (0-360)
Reference angle can be true or magnetic north
Speed - ✔✔Distance traveled per time
Nautical miles per hour (knots)
Time - ✔✔Time of Day
Elapsed Time (hours/mins, or, mins/seconds)
Also:
, ETD, ETA (four-digit format)
ETE (elapsed time)
Aircrew's Primary Instrument for determining direction in the cockpit - ✔✔Remote Gyro Vertical
Compass Card
Bearing Distance Heading Indicator (BDHI)
Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator (EHSI)
[all same thing]
[in modern aircraft]
Inertial Navigation System (INS)
Ring Laser Gyro (RLG)
Standby compass? - ✔✔Wet compass
MEAT - ✔✔Mag -> True, Add East
True -> Mag, Add West
True Course vs True Heading vs Mag Course vs Mag Heading - ✔✔True Course: measured off chart w/
plotter
True Heading: TC corrected for winds
Mag Course: TC corrected for mag variation
Mag Heading: TH corrected for mag var
Compass Heading: MH corrected for mag dev
Three Primary DR Instruments - ✔✔BDHI/Remote Gyro vertical compass card (direction and position)
Clock (time)
Airspeed Indicator (speed)
